以下是一个简单的遗传算法实现板材排版的
C#代码示例：
```csharp
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace BoardCuttingGA
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// 初始化参数
int populationSize = 20;
int generations = 100;
double mutationRate = 0.01;
double crossoverRate = 0.7;
int elitismCount = 2;
// 定义板材和零件
Board board = new Board(4, 8);
List<Part> parts = new List<Part>()
{
new Part(2, 3),
new Part(1, 4),
new Part(3, 2),
new Part(1, 2),
new Part(2, 1)
};
// 创建遗传算法并运行
GeneticAlgorithm ga = new GeneticAlgorithm(populationSize, board, parts, elitismCount, mutationRate, crossoverRate);
ga.Run(generations);
//
输出结果
Console.WriteLine("Best solution found:");
Console.WriteLine(ga.BestChromosome.ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Fitness: " + ga.BestChromosome.Fitness);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
// 板材类
class Board
{
public int Width { get; set; }
public int Height { get; set; }
public Board(int width, int height)
{
Width = width;
Height = height;
}
}
// 零件类
class Part
{
public int Width { get; set; }
public int Height { get; set; }
public Part(int width, int height)
{
Width = width;
Height = height;
}
}
// 布局类
class Layout
{
public List<Part> Parts { get; set; }
public Layout(List<Part> parts)
{
Parts = parts;
}
// 计算适应度
public double CalculateFitness(Board board)
{
int remainingWidth = board.Width;
int remainingHeight = board.Height;
foreach (Part part in Parts)
{
if (part.Width > remainingWidth || part.Height > remainingHeight)
return 0;
if (part.Width <= remainingWidth && part.Height <= remainingHeight)
{
remainingWidth -= part.Width;
remainingHeight -= part.Height;
}
}
return (double)(board.Width * board.Height - remainingWidth * remainingHeight);
}
// 转换为
字符串
public override string ToString()
{
string result = "";
foreach (Part part in Parts)
{
result += "(" + part.Width + ", " + part.Height + ") ";
}
return result;
}
}
// 染色体类
class Chromosome
{
public List<Part> Parts { get; set; }
public double Fitness { get; set; }
public Chromosome(List<Part> parts, Board board)
{
Layout layout = new Layout(parts);
Fitness = layout.CalculateFitness(board);
Parts = parts;
}
// 转换为
字符串
public override string ToString()
{
return new Layout(Parts).ToString();
}
}
// 遗传算法类
class GeneticAlgorithm
{
private int populationSize;
private Board board;
private List<Part> parts;
private int elitismCount;
private double mutationRate;
private double crossoverRate;
private List<Chromosome> population;
public Chromosome BestChromosome { get; private set; }
public GeneticAlgorithm(int populationSize, Board board, List<Part> parts, int elitismCount, double mutationRate, double crossoverRate)
{
this.populationSize = populationSize;
this.board = board;
this.parts = parts;
this.elitismCount = elitismCount;
this.mutationRate = mutationRate;
this.crossoverRate = crossoverRate;
this.population = new List<Chromosome>();
}
// 初始化种群
private void InitializePopulation()
{
for (int i = 0; i < populationSize; i++)
{
List<Part> randomParts = new List<Part>();
foreach (Part part in parts)
{
if (new Random().NextDouble() > 0.5)
randomParts.Add(new Part(part.Width, part.Height));
}
population.Add(new Chromosome(randomParts, board));
}
}
// 计算适应度总和
private double CalculateFitnessSum()
{
double sum = 0;
foreach (Chromosome chromosome in population)
{
sum += chromosome.Fitness;
}
return sum;
}
// 选择操作
private Chromosome Select()
{
double fitnessSum = CalculateFitnessSum();
double rand = new Random().NextDouble() * fitnessSum;
double runningSum = 0;
foreach (Chromosome chromosome in population)
{
runningSum += chromosome.Fitness;
if (runningSum > rand)
return chromosome;
}
return population[population.Count - 1];
}
// 交叉操作
private Chromosome Crossover(Chromosome parent1, Chromosome parent2)
{
List<Part> childParts = new List<Part>();
int crossoverPoint = new Random().Next(0, parts.Count - 1);
for (int i = 0; i < crossoverPoint; i++)
{
childParts.Add(parent1.Parts[i]);
}
for (int i = crossoverPoint; i < parts.Count; i++)
{
childParts.Add(parent2.Parts[i]);
}
return new Chromosome(childParts, board);
}
// 变异操作
private void Mutate(Chromosome chromosome)
{
foreach (Part part in chromosome.Parts)
{
if (new Random().NextDouble() < mutationRate)
{
part.Width = Math.Max(1, part.Width + new Random().Next(-1, 2));
part.Height = Math.Max(1, part.Height + new Random().Next(-1, 2));
}
}
chromosome.Fitness = new Layout(chromosome.Parts).CalculateFitness(board);
}
// 运行遗传算法
public void Run(int generations)
{
InitializePopulation();
for (int i = 0; i < generations; i++)
{
population.Sort((x, y) => y.Fitness.CompareTo(x.Fitness));
BestChromosome = population[0];
List<Chromosome> newPopulation = new List<Chromosome>();
for (int j = 0; j < elitismCount; j++)
{
newPopulation.Add(population[j]);
}
while (newPopulation.Count < populationSize)
{
Chromosome parent1 = Select();
Chromosome parent2 = Select();
if (new Random().NextDouble() < crossoverRate)
{
Chromosome child = Crossover(parent1, parent2);
newPopulation.Add(child);
}
else
{
newPopulation.Add(parent1);
}
}
foreach (Chromosome chromosome in newPopulation)
{
if (new Random().NextDouble() < mutationRate)
{
Mutate(chromosome);
}
}
population = newPopulation;
}
}
}
}
```
在这个示例中，我们定义了一个 `Board` 类来表示板材，一个 `Part` 类来表示零件，以及一个 `Layout` 类来表示布局。我们还定义了一个 `Chromosome` 类来表示染色体，其中包含一个零件列表和一个适应度值。最后，我们创建了一个 `GeneticAlgorithm` 类来实现遗传算法。
在 `GeneticAlgorithm` 类中，我们首先使用 `InitializePopulation` 方法初始化种群。然后，在 `Run` 方法中，我们对种群进行进化。每一代，我们按适应度从高到低对种群进行排序，并选择最佳染色体作为当前最优解。然后，我们使用选择、交叉和变异操作生成新的染色体，并将它们加入到新的种群中。
在选择操作中，我们按适应度总和
随机选择一个染色体。在交叉操作中，我们
随机选择一个交叉点，并将两个父染色体的部分合并成一个新的子染色体。在变异操作中，我们
随机选择一个零件，并
随机增加或减少它的宽度或高度。
最后，我们
输出找到的最佳解。
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