判断 大小写.标点符号、空格与否c++

#include <string>
using std::string;

#include <cctype>
using std::isupper; using std::toupper;
using std::islower; using std::tolower;
using std::isalpha; using std::isspace;

#include <iostream>
using std::cout; using std::endl;

int main() {
	string s("Hello World!!");
	decltype(s.size()) punct_cnt = 0;
	for (auto c:s)
	{
		if (ispunct(c))
		{
			++punct_cnt;
		}
	}
	cout << punct_cnt << "punctuation characters in " << s << endl;

	string orig = s;
	for (auto &c:s)
	{
		c = toupper(c);
	}
	cout << s << endl;

	s = orig;
	decltype(s.size())index = 0;
	while (index !=s.size()&&!isspace(s[index]))
	{
		s[index] = toupper(s[index]);
		++index;
	}
	cout << s << endl;
	return 0;
}

ps

for (auto &c:s)
    {
        c = toupper(c);
    }
    cout << s << endl;

//引用 将 c与s 绑定，所以 c变了，s也变了