Spring WebFlux 入门

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-20 14:32:03 发布

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文章标签： spring java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32352565/article/details/120388039

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1. WebFlux介绍

Spring WebFlux 是 Spring Framework 5.0中引入的新的响应式web框架。与Spring MVC不同，它不需要Servlet API，是完全异步且非阻塞的，并且通过Reactor项目实现了Reactive Streams规范。

Spring WebFlux 用于创建基于事件循环执行模型的完全异步且非阻塞的应用程序。

（PS：所谓异步非阻塞是针对服务端而言的，是说服务端可以充分利用CPU资源去做更多事情，这与客户端无关，客户端该怎么请求还是怎么请求。）

Reactive Streams是一套用于构建高吞吐量、低延迟应用的规范。而Reactor项目是基于这套规范的实现，它是一个完全非阻塞的基础，且支持背压。Spring WebFlux基于Reactor实现了完全异步非阻塞的一套web框架，是一套响应式堆栈。

【spring-webmvc + Servlet + Tomcat】命令式的、同步阻塞的

【spring-webflux + Reactor + Netty】响应式的、异步非阻塞的

2. Spring WebFlux Framework

Spring WebFlux有两种风格：功能性和基于注释的。基于注释的与Spring MVC非常相近。例如：

 1 @RestController
 2 @RequestMapping("/users")
 3 public class MyRestController {
 4 
 5     @GetMapping("/{user}")
 6     public Mono<User> getUser(@PathVariable Long user) {
 7     // ...
 8     }
 9 
10     @GetMapping("/{user}/customers")
11     public Flux<Customer> getUserCustomers(@PathVariable Long user) {
12     // ...
13     }
14     
15     @DeleteMapping("/{user}")
16     public Mono<User> deleteUser(@PathVariable Long user) {
17     // ...
18     }
19 }

与之等价，也可以这样写：

 1 @Configuration
 2 public class RoutingConfiguration {
 3     @Bean
 4     public RouterFunction<ServerResponse> monoRouterFunction(UserHandler userHandler) {
 5         return route(GET("/{user}").and(accept(APPLICATION_JSON)), userHandler::getUser)
 6             .andRoute(GET("/{user}/customers").and(accept(APPLICATION_JSON)), userHandler::getUserCustomers)
 7             .andRoute(DELETE("/{user}").and(accept(APPLICATION_JSON)), userHandler::deleteUser);
 8     }
 9 }
10 
11 @Component
12 public class UserHandler {
13     public Mono<ServerResponse> getUser(ServerRequest request) {
14     // ...
15     }
16     public Mono<ServerResponse> getUserCustomers(ServerRequest request) {
17     // ...
18     }
19     public Mono<ServerResponse> deleteUser(ServerRequest request) {
20     // ...
21     }
22 }

如果你同时添加了spring-boot-starter-web和spring-boot-starter-webflux依赖，那么Spring Boot会自动配置Spring MVC，而不是WebFlux。你当然可以强制指定应用类型，通过SpringApplication.setWebApplicationType(WebApplicationType.REACTIVE)

3. Hello WebFlux

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 3          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 4     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 5     <parent>
 6         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 7         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
 8         <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
 9         <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
10     </parent>
11     <groupId>com.cjs.example</groupId>
12     <artifactId>cjs-reactive-rest-service</artifactId>
13     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
14     <name>cjs-reactive-rest-service</name>
15 
16     <properties>
17         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
18     </properties>
19 
20     <dependencies>
21         <dependency>
22             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
23             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
24         </dependency>
25 
26         <dependency>
27             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
28             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
29             <scope>test</scope>
30             <exclusions>
31                 <exclusion>
32                     <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
33                     <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
34                 </exclusion>
35             </exclusions>
36         </dependency>
37         <dependency>
38             <groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId>
39             <artifactId>reactor-test</artifactId>
40             <scope>test</scope>
41         </dependency>
42     </dependencies>
43 
44     <build>
45         <plugins>
46             <plugin>
47                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
48                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
49             </plugin>
50         </plugins>
51     </build>
52 
53 </project>

GreetingHandler.java

1 package com.cjs.example.restservice.hello;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
 4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 5 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters;
 6 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerRequest;
 7 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse;
 8 import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 9 
10 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
11 
12 /**
13  * @author ChengJianSheng
14  * @date 2020-03-25
15  */
16 @Component
17 public class GreetingHandler {
18 
19     private final AtomicLong counter = new AtomicLong();
20 
21     /**
22      * A handler to handle the request and create a response
23      */
24     public Mono<ServerResponse> hello(ServerRequest request) {
25         return ServerResponse.ok().contentType(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
26                 .body(BodyInserters.fromValue("Hello, Spring!"));
27 
28     }
29 }

GreetingRouter.java

1 package com.cjs.example.restservice.hello;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 4 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 5 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
 6 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.*;
 7 
 8 /**
 9  * @author ChengJianSheng
10  * @date 2020-03-25
11  */
12 @Configuration
13 public class GreetingRouter {
14 
15     /**
16      * The router listens for traffic on the /hello path and returns the value provided by our reactive handler class.
17      */
18     @Bean
19     public RouterFunction<ServerResponse> route(GreetingHandler greetingHandler) {
20         return RouterFunctions.route(RequestPredicates.GET("/hello").and(RequestPredicates.accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)), greetingHandler::hello);
21     }
22 }

GreetingWebClient.java

1 package com.cjs.example.restservice.hello;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
 4 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.ClientResponse;
 5 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClient;
 6 import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 7 
 8 /**
 9  * @author ChengJianSheng
10  * @date 2020-03-25
11  */
12 public class GreetingWebClient {
13 
14     /**
15      * For reactive applications, Spring offers the WebClient class, which is non-blocking.
16      *
17      * WebClient can be used to communicate with non-reactive, blocking services, too.
18      */
19     private WebClient client = WebClient.create("http://localhost:8080");
20 
21     private Mono<ClientResponse> result = client.get()
22             .uri("/hello")
23             .accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
24             .exchange();
25 
26     public String getResult() {
27         return ">> result = " + result.flatMap(res -> res.bodyToMono(String.class)).block();
28     }
29 }

Application.java

1 package com.cjs.example.restservice;
 2 
 3 import com.cjs.example.restservice.hello.GreetingWebClient;
 4 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
 5 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 6 
 7 /**
 8  * @author ChengJianSheng
 9  * @date 2020-03-25
10  */
11 @SpringBootApplication
12 public class CjsReactiveRestServiceApplication {
13 
14     public static void main(String[] args) {
15         SpringApplication.run(CjsReactiveRestServiceApplication.class, args);
16 
17         GreetingWebClient gwc = new GreetingWebClient();
18         System.out.println(gwc.getResult());
19     }
20 
21 }

可以直接在浏览器中访问 http://localhost:8080/hello

GreetingRouterTest.java

1 package com.cjs.example.restservice;
 2 
 3 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 4 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
 5 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 6 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
 7 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
 8 import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
 9 import org.springframework.test.web.reactive.server.WebTestClient;
10 
11 @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
12 @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
13 public class GreetingRouterTest {
14 
15     @Autowired
16     private WebTestClient webTestClient;
17 
18     /**
19      * Create a GET request to test an endpoint
20      */
21     @Test
22     public void testHello() {
23         webTestClient.get()
24                 .uri("/hello")
25                 .accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
26                 .exchange()
27                 .expectStatus().isOk()
28                 .expectBody(String.class).isEqualTo("Hello, Spring!");
29     }
30 
31 }