C++实现二叉树的前序,中序,后序,层序遍历(对应Leetcode144,94,145,102题)
记录C++实现二叉树的几种遍历方式,包括递归和非递归方式。话不多说,直接上代码
一、二叉树的前序遍历
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
//1.递归
class Solution
{
public:
vector<int> res;
vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root)
{
if(root != NULL)
{
res.push_back(root->val);
preorderTraversal(root->left);
preorderTraversal(root->right);
}
return res;
}
};
//2.1 非递归1
class Solution
{
public:
vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root)
{
vector<int> res;
stack<TreeNode*> s;
TreeNode* curr = root;
while (curr || !s.empty())
{
if (curr)//遍历左树,结点入栈,值入vector
{
res.push_back(curr->val);
s.push(curr);
curr = curr->left;
}
else //左树为空,向右树转
{
curr = s.top();
s.pop();
curr = curr->right;
}
}
return res;
}
};
//2.2 非递归2
class Solution
{
public:
vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root)
{
vector<int> res;
stack<TreeNode*> s;
TreeNode* curr = root;
while(curr != NULL || !s.empty())
{
while(curr!=NULL)
{
res.push_back(curr->val);
s.push(curr);
curr = curr->left;
}
curr = s.top();
s.pop();
curr = curr->right;
}
return res;
}
};
二、二叉树的中序遍历
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
//1.递归
//时间复杂度:O(n)O(n),递归函数 T(n) = 2⋅T(n/2)+1。
//空间复杂度:最坏情况下需要空间O(n)(树退化为链表时),平均情况为O(logn)。
class Solution
{
public:
vector<int> res;
vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root)
{
if(root)
{
inorderTraversal(root->left);
res.push_back(root->val);
inorderTraversal(root->right);
}
return res;
}
};
//2.非递归 时间复杂度O(n),空间复杂度O(n)
class Solution{
public:
vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root)
{
stack<TreeNode*> s;
vector<int> res;
TreeNode* curr = root;
while(curr != NULL || !s.empty())
{
while(curr!=NULL)
{
s.push(curr);
curr = curr->left;
}
curr = s.top();
s.pop();
res.push_back(curr->val);
curr = curr->right;
}
return res;
}
};
三、二叉树的后序遍历
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
//1.递归
class Solution
{
public:
vector<int> res;
vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root)
{
if(root)
{
postorderTraversal(root->left);
postorderTraversal(root->right);
res.push_back(root->val);
}
return res;
}
};
//2.非递归
class Solution
{
public:
vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root)
{
stack<TreeNode*> s;
vector<int> res;
TreeNode* curr = root;
TreeNode* pre = NULL;
while(curr || !s.empty())
{
while(curr)
{
s.push(curr);
curr = curr->left;
}
curr = s.top();
if(curr->right == NULL || pre == curr->right)
{
s.pop();
res.push_back(curr->val);
pre = curr;
curr = NULL;
}
else
{
curr = curr->right;
}
}
return res;
}
};
四、二叉树的层序遍历
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
//借助辅助队列,BFS实现
class Solution
{
public:
vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(TreeNode* root)
{
if(root == NULL) return{};
vector<vector<int>> res;
queue<TreeNode*> q;
q.push(root);
while(!q.empty())
{
vector<int> level;//存储当前层的结点
int count = q.size();
while(count--)
{
TreeNode* tmp = q.front();
q.pop();
level.push_back(tmp->val);
if(tmp->left)
{
q.push(tmp->left);
}
if(tmp->right)
{
q.push(tmp->right);
}
}
res.push_back(level);
}
return res;
}
};