java实现R485串口通信和数据解析

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32431981/article/details/130126656

在对接之前，首先安装基础环境

一、安装基础环境，软件包地址

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/11VPQij60af8nFxwUErsnGA?pwd=5jm8
提取码：5jm8

二、实现

1、pom.xml文件引入

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.rxtx</groupId>
    <artifactId>rxtx</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.7</version>
</dependency>

2、创建监听类 MyLister.clss

package com.example.springboot.util;

/**
 * Demo class
 *
 * @author XDRS
 * @date 2023/3/30 16:01
 */

import gnu.io.SerialPortEvent;
import gnu.io.SerialPortEventListener;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Date;

public class MyLister implements SerialPortEventListener {

    @Override
    public void serialEvent(SerialPortEvent arg0) {
        try {
            if (arg0.getEventType() == SerialPortEvent.DATA_AVAILABLE) {
                SerialPortUtil serialPortUtil = SerialPortUtil.getSerialPortUtil();
                byte[] bytes = serialPortUtil.readFromPort(PortInit.serialPort);
                String needData = printHexString(bytes);
                boolean b = needData.contains("01 03");
                String[] strings = needData.split(" ");
                int xxxx = Integer.parseInt(strings[0] + "", 16);
                if (xxxx == 1 && b) {
                    System.out.println(new Date() + "【字节数组转16进制字符串】：-----" + needData);
                    int xss = Integer.parseInt(strings[4] + "", 16);
                    double value = BigDecimal.valueOf(xss).divide(BigDecimal.valueOf(10)).setScale(1, BigDecimal.ROUND_DOWN).doubleValue();
                    System.out.println(new Date() + "水位：-----" + value + "℃");
                    int yss = Integer.parseInt(strings[6] + "", 16);
                    double value2 = BigDecimal.valueOf(yss).setScale(1, BigDecimal.ROUND_DOWN).doubleValue();
                    System.out.println(new Date() + "水位：-----" + value2 + "mm");
                    // 写入数据库，按照api方式发送指定服务上
                    String url = "http://192.168.0.17:8888/api/geological/demo/insert";
                    JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
                    object.put("instrumentName", "水位计");
                    object.put("value", needData);
                    object.put("instrumentUid", 1);
                    object.put("analyseValue", value2);
                    object.put("type", "普通采集");
                    String toString = object.toString();
                    String post = CommonUtil.doHttpPost(url, toString);
                    if (post.equals("0")) {
                        System.out.println("传输数据失败");
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("传输数据成功");
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }

    /**
     * 字节数组转16进制字符串
     *
     * @param b 字节数组
     * @return 16进制字符串
     */
    public static String printHexString(byte[] b) {
        StringBuilder sbf = new StringBuilder();
        for (byte value : b) {
            String hex = Integer.toHexString(value & 0xFF);
            if (hex.length() == 1) {
                hex = '0' + hex;
            }
            sbf.append(hex.toUpperCase()).append(" ");
        }
        return sbf.toString().trim();
    }

    /**
     * 十六进制字符串转byte[]
     *
     * @param hex 十六进制字符串
     * @return byte[]
     */
    public static byte[] hexStr2Byte(String hex) {
        if (hex == null) {
            return new byte[]{};
        }

        // 奇数位补0
//        if (hex.length() % StaticConstant.TWO != 0) {
//            hex = "0" + hex;
//        }

        int length = hex.length();
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(length / 2);
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            String hexStr = hex.charAt(i) + "";
            i++;
            hexStr += hex.charAt(i);
            byte b = (byte) Integer.parseInt(hexStr, 16);
            buffer.put(b);
        }
        return buffer.array();
    }

    /**
     * 16进制转换成为string类型字符串
     *
     * @param s 待转换字符串
     */
    public static String hexStringToString(String s) {
        if (s == null || "".equals(s)) {
            return null;
        }
        s = s.replace(" ", "");
        byte[] baKeyword = new byte[s.length() / 2];
        for (int i = 0; i < baKeyword.length; i++) {
            try {
                baKeyword[i] = (byte) (0xff & Integer.parseInt(s.substring(i * 2, i * 2 + 2), 16));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        try {
            s = new String(baKeyword, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        } catch (Exception e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
        return s;
    }

}

2、创建 PortInit.class

package com.example.springboot.util;
import gnu.io.SerialPort;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.ArrayList;


/**
 * Demo class
 *
 * @author XDRS
 * @date 2023/3/30 16:01
 */
@Component
public class PortInit implements ApplicationRunner{

    public static SerialPort serialPort = null;


    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) {
        String portName = "COM1";
        //TestA();
        //查看所有串口
        SerialPortUtil serialPortUtil = SerialPortUtil.getSerialPortUtil();
        ArrayList<String> port = serialPortUtil.findPort();
        System.out.println("发现全部串口：" + port);

        System.out.println("portName:" + portName);
        //打开该对应portName名字的串口
        PortInit.serialPort = serialPortUtil.openPort(portName, 9600, SerialPort.DATABITS_8, SerialPort.PARITY_NONE, SerialPort.PARITY_ODD);

        // 给对应的serialPort添加监听器
        serialPortUtil.addListener(PortInit.serialPort, new MyLister());

    }

}

3、创建 SerialPortUtil.class

package com.example.springboot.util;

import gnu.io.*;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.TooManyListenersException;

/**
 * Demo class
 *
 * @author XDRS
 * @date 2023/3/30 16:00
 */
public class SerialPortUtil {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SerialPortUtil.class);

    private static SerialPortUtil serialPortUtil = null;

    static {
        // 在该类被ClassLoader加载时就初始化一个SerialTool对象
        if (serialPortUtil == null) {
            serialPortUtil = new SerialPortUtil();
        }
    }

    // 私有化SerialTool类的构造方法，不允许其他类生成SerialTool对象
    private SerialPortUtil() {
    }

    /**
     * 获取提供服务的SerialTool对象
     *
     * @return serialPortUtil
     */
    public static SerialPortUtil getSerialPortUtil() {
        if (serialPortUtil == null) {
            serialPortUtil = new SerialPortUtil();
        }
        return serialPortUtil;
    }

    /**
     * 查找所有可用端口
     *
     * @return 可用端口名称列表
     */
    public ArrayList<String> findPort() {
        //获得当前所有可用串口
        Enumeration<CommPortIdentifier> portList = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();
        ArrayList<String> portNameList = new ArrayList<>();
        //将可用串口名添加到List并返回该List
        while (portList.hasMoreElements()) {
            String portName = portList.nextElement().getName();
            portNameList.add(portName);
        }
        return portNameList;
    }

    /**
     * 打开串口
     *
     * @param portName 端口名称
     * @param baudrate 波特率  19200
     * @param databits 数据位  8
     * @param parity   校验位（奇偶位）  NONE ：0
     * @param stopbits 停止位 1
     * @return 串口对象
     * //     * @throws SerialPortParameterFailure 设置串口参数失败
     * //     * @throws NotASerialPort             端口指向设备不是串口类型
     * //     * @throws NoSuchPort                 没有该端口对应的串口设备
     * //     * @throws PortInUse                  端口已被占用
     */
    public SerialPort openPort(String portName, int baudrate, int databits, int parity, int stopbits) {
        try {
            //通过端口名识别端口
            CommPortIdentifier portIdentifier = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifier(portName);

            //打开端口，并给端口名字和一个timeout（打开操作的超时时间）
            CommPort commPort = portIdentifier.open(portName, 2000);

            //判断是不是串口
            if (commPort instanceof SerialPort) {

                SerialPort serialPort = (SerialPort) commPort;
                try {
                    //设置一下串口的波特率等参数
                    serialPort.setSerialPortParams(baudrate, databits, stopbits, parity);
                } catch (UnsupportedCommOperationException e) {
                }
                System.out.println("Open " + portName + " sucessfully !");

                return serialPort;
            } else {
                logger.error("不是串口");
            }
        } catch (NoSuchPortException e1) {
            logger.error("没有找到端口");
            e1.printStackTrace();
        } catch (PortInUseException e2) {
            logger.error("端口被占用");
            e2.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 关闭串口
     *
     * @param serialPort 待关闭的串口对象
     */
    public void closePort(SerialPort serialPort) {
        if (serialPort != null) {
            serialPort.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 往串口发送数据
     *
     * @param serialPort 串口对象
     * @param order      待发送数据
     *                   //       * @throws SendDataToSerialPortFailure        向串口发送数据失败
     *                   //       * @throws SerialPortOutputStreamCloseFailure 关闭串口对象的输出流出错
     */
    public void sendToPort(SerialPort serialPort, byte[] order) {
        OutputStream out = null;
        try {
            out = serialPort.getOutputStream();
            out.write(order);
            out.flush();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (out != null) {
                    out.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 从串口读取数据
     *
     * @param serialPort 当前已建立连接的SerialPort对象
     * @return 读取到的数据
     * //     * @throws ReadDataFromSerialPortFailure     从串口读取数据时出错
     * //     * @throws SerialPortInputStreamCloseFailure 关闭串口对象输入流出错
     */
    public byte[] readFromPort(SerialPort serialPort) {

        InputStream in = null;
        byte[] bytes = null;

        try {
            in = serialPort.getInputStream();
            int bufflenth = in.available();

            while (bufflenth != 0) {
                bytes = new byte[bufflenth];
                in.read(bytes);
                bufflenth = in.available();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return bytes;
    }


    /**
     * 添加监听器
     *
     * @param port     串口对象
     * @param listener 串口监听器
     *                 //     * @throws TooManyListeners 监听类对象过多
     */
    public void addListener(SerialPort port, SerialPortEventListener listener) {

        try {
            //给串口添加监听器
            port.addEventListener(listener);
            //设置当有数据到达时唤醒监听接收线程
            port.notifyOnDataAvailable(true);
            //设置当通信中断时唤醒中断线程
            port.notifyOnBreakInterrupt(true);
        } catch (TooManyListenersException e) {
//            throw new TooManyListeners();
            logger.error("太多监听器");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除监听器
     *
     * @param port     串口对象
     * @param listener 串口监听器
     *                 //     * @throws TooManyListeners 监听类对象过多
     */
    public void removeListener(SerialPort port, SerialPortEventListener listener) {
        //删除串口监听器
        port.removeEventListener();
    }

    /**
     * 设置串口的Listener
     *
     * @param serialPort
     * @param listener
     * @author mar
     * @date 2021/8/20 11:04
     */
    public static void setListenerToSerialPort(SerialPort serialPort, SerialPortEventListener listener) {
        try {
            //给串口添加事件监听
            serialPort.addEventListener(listener);
        } catch (TooManyListenersException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //串口有数据监听
        serialPort.notifyOnDataAvailable(true);
        //中断事件监听
        serialPort.notifyOnBreakInterrupt(true);
    }
}

4、创建 CommonUtil.class

package com.example.springboot.util;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;

public class CommonUtil {

    /**
     * TODO 获取http访问后的json串
     * @param urlPath
     * @return
     */
    public static String getJSONContent(String urlPath) {
        String jsonString = "";
        // 访问路径
        try {
            // 创建HTTP连接
            URL url = new URL(urlPath);
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url
                    .openConnection();
            // 设置连接超时时间
            connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            connection.setDoInput(true);
            // 获取相应代码，判断是否响应结束
            int code = connection.getResponseCode();
            if (code == 200) {
                InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
                DataInputStream indata = new DataInputStream(is);
                String ret = "";

                while (ret != null) {
                    ret = indata.readLine();
                    if (ret != null && !ret.trim().equals("")) {
                        jsonString = jsonString
                                + new String(ret.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8");
                    }
                }
                connection.disconnect();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return jsonString;
    }

    /**
     * 发送Http post请求
     *
     * @param xmlInfo
     *            json转化成的字符串
     * @param URL
     *            请求url
     * @return 返回信息
     */
    public static String doHttpPost(String URL,String xmlInfo ) {
        System.out.println("发起的数据:" + xmlInfo);
        byte[] xmlData = xmlInfo.getBytes();
        InputStream instr = null;
        try {
            URL url = new URL(URL);
            URLConnection urlCon = url.openConnection();
            urlCon.setDoOutput(true);
            urlCon.setDoInput(true);
            urlCon.setUseCaches(false);
            urlCon.setRequestProperty("content-Type", "application/json");
            urlCon.setRequestProperty("charset", "utf-8");
            urlCon.setRequestProperty("Content-length",
                    String.valueOf(xmlData.length));
            System.out.println(String.valueOf(xmlData.length));
            DataOutputStream printout = new DataOutputStream(
                    urlCon.getOutputStream());
            printout.write(xmlData);
            printout.flush();
            printout.close();
            instr = urlCon.getInputStream();
            byte[] bis = IOUtils.toByteArray(instr);
            String ResponseString = new String(bis, "UTF-8");
            if ((ResponseString == null) || ("".equals(ResponseString.trim()))) {
                System.out.println("返回空");
            }
            System.out.println("返回数据为:" + ResponseString);
            return ResponseString;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "0";
        } finally {
            try {
                instr.close();

            } catch (Exception ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
                return "0";
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 向指定URL发送GET方法的请求
     *
     * @param url
     *            发送请求的URL
     * @param param
     *            请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return URL 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendGet(String url, String param) {
        String result = "";
        BufferedReader in = null;
        try {
            String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
            URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);

            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
            // 设置通用的请求属性
            connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
            connection.setRequestProperty("contentType", "utf-8");
            connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            // 建立实际的连接
            connection.connect();
            // 获取所有响应头字段
            Map<String, List<String>> map = connection.getHeaderFields();
            // 遍历所有的响应头字段
            for (String key : map.keySet()) {
                System.out.println(key + "--->" + map.get(key));
            }
            // 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    connection.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送GET请求出现异常！" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 使用finally块来关闭输入流
        finally {
            try {
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e2) {
                e2.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    public static JSONObject sendGet(String url) {
        JSONObject jsonObject = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;

        try {
            URL url2 = new URL(url);
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection connection = url2.openConnection();
            // 设置通用的请求属性
            connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);
            connection.setReadTimeout(5000);
            // 建立实际的连接
            connection.connect();
            // 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(line);
            }
            //jsonObject = new JSONObject(sb.toString());
            jsonObject = new JSONObject().fromObject(sb);
            return jsonObject;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        // 使用finally块来关闭输入流
        finally {
            try {
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e2) {
                e2.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        return null;
    }
}

5、创建demo.class

package com.example.springboot.controller;

import com.example.springboot.util.PortInit;
import com.example.springboot.util.SerialPortUtil;
import gnu.io.SerialPort;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

/**
 * Demo class
 *
 * @author XDRS
 * @date 2023/3/30 15:50
 */
@RestController
public class Demo {


    @GetMapping
    public void test() {
        SerialPortUtil serialPortUtil = SerialPortUtil.getSerialPortUtil();
        byte[] HEX = hexStr2Byte("000300040002841B");
        serialPortUtil.sendToPort(PortInit.serialPort, HEX);
        System.out.println(111111111);
    }

    /**
     * 定时任务，间隔5分钟采集一次数据
     */
    @Scheduled(cron = "0 0/5 * * * ?")
    public void send() {
        System.out.println("send ok");
        SerialPortUtil serialPortUtil = SerialPortUtil.getSerialPortUtil();
        byte[] HEX = hexStr2Byte("000300040002841B");
        serialPortUtil.sendToPort(PortInit.serialPort, HEX);

    }
    /**
     * 十六进制字符串转byte[]
     *
     * @param hex 十六进制字符串
     * @return byte[]
     */
    public static byte[] hexStr2Byte(String hex) {
        if (hex == null) {
            return new byte[]{};
        }

        // 奇数位补0
        if (hex.length() % 2 != 0) {
            hex = "0" + hex;
        }

        int length = hex.length();
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(length / 2);
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            String hexStr = hex.charAt(i) + "";
            i++;
            hexStr += hex.charAt(i);
            byte b = (byte) Integer.parseInt(hexStr, 16);
            buffer.put(b);
        }
        return buffer.array();
    }
}

6、开启@EnableScheduling注解

7、最后

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class SpringbootApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootApplication.class, args);
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destory() {
        //关闭应用前 关闭端口
        SerialPortUtil serialPortUtil = SerialPortUtil.getSerialPortUtil();
        serialPortUtil.removeListener(PortInit.serialPort, new MyLister());
        serialPortUtil.closePort(PortInit.serialPort);

    }

}

以上完结，希望大家多多提出宝贵意见，一起完善，感谢~！！