单例模式

1.为什么使用单例模式？
a. 确保这个类只有一个实例；
b.确保这个类的实例在整个程序中有且仅有一个实例；
2.优点：避免重复创建类的对象，节约内存；保证其唯一性；
3.常见的单例模式代码：
懒汉式：（线程不安全）
public class LazyLoadingSingle {
private static LazyLoadingSingle mLazyLoadingSingle;
private LazyLoadingSingle(){}
public static LazyLoadingSingle getInstance(){
if(mLazyLoadingSingle == null){
mLazyLoadingSingle = new LazyLoadingSingle();
}
return mLazyLoadingSingle;
}
}

懒汉式：（线程安全）
缺点：效率较慢;并发编程时，synchronized修饰的代码块同一时期只能允许一个线程对其访问，其他线程需等待，但是并不妨碍其他线程访问synchronized修饰的方法;

public class LazyLoadingSingle {
private static LazyLoadingSingle mLazyLoadingSingle;
private LazyLoadingSingle(){}
public static synchronized LazyLoadingSingle getInstance(){
if(mLazyLoadingSingle == null){
mLazyLoadingSingle = new LazyLoadingSingle();
}
return mLazyLoadingSingle;
}
}

饿汉式：

public class HungerSingle {
private static HungerSingle instance = new HungerSingle();
private HungerSingle(){}
public static HungerSingle getInstance(){
return instance;
}
}

饿汉式：其他形式

public class HungerSingle {
private static HungerSingle instance = null;
static{
instance = new HungerSingle();
}
private HungerSingle(){}
public static HungerSingle getInstance(){
return instance;
}
}

双重效验：

public class DoubleCheckSingle {
private static DoubleCheckSingle single;
private DoubleCheckSingle(){}
public static DoubleCheckSingle getInstance(){
if(single == null){
synchronized (DoubleCheckSingle.class){
if(single == null){
single = new DoubleCheckSingle();
}
}
}
return single;
}
}
“`