参考源
- 简单教程
- 菜鸟教程
SQL left join 关键字
SQL left join
关键字将左表 ( table1 )所有的行返回,即右表 ( table2 ) 中没有匹配。如果右表中没有匹配,则结果为 NULL
select column_name(s) from table1 left join table2 on table1.column_name = table2.column_name;
在某些数据库中,
LEFT JOIN
称为LEFT OUTER JOIN
select column_name(s) from table1 left outer join table2 on table1.column_name = table2.column_name;
图例
图源于简单教程
https://www.twle.cn/l/yufei/sql/sql-basic-join-left.html,很好理解
假设我们有两张表 A 和 B
可以看到每个表的最后一条记录是不匹配的,那么 LEFT JOIN
的结果就是
示例数据
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hardy_db default character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;
USE hardy_db;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `lesson`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `lesson_views`;
CREATE TABLE `lesson` (
id int(11) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
name varchar(32) default '',
views int(11) NOT NULL default 0,
created_at TIMESTAMP
);
CREATE TABLE `lesson_views` (
uniq bigint(20) primary key NOT NULL default '0' ,
lesson_id int(11) default 0,
date_at int(11) NOT NULL default 0,
views int(11) NOT NULL default 0
);
INSERT INTO lesson(id,name,views,created_at) VALUES
(1, 'Python3 基础教程',981,'2017-04-18 13:52:03'),
(3, 'Ruby 基础教程',199,'2017-05-01 06:16:14'),
(4, 'SQL 基础教程', 300,'2017-05-02 08:13:16');
INSERT INTO lession_vews(uniq, lesson_id, date_at, views) VALUES
(20170511000001,1,20170511,320),
(20170511000002,2,20170511,22),
(20170511000003,3, 20170511,49),
(20170512000001,1,20170512,220),
(20170512000002,2,20170512,12),
(20170512000003,3,20170512,63),
(20170513000001,1,20170513,441),
(20170513000002,2,20170513,39),
(20170513000003,3,20170513,87);
left join使用
- 假设要查看所有已经存在的课程的每天的访问量,那么可以使用下面的 SQL 语句
select lesson.id,lesson.name,lesson_views.date_at, lesson_views.views from lesson left join lesson_views on lesson.id=lesson_views.lesson_id order by lesson.id desc;
输出结果如下
mysql> Sselect lesson.id,lesson.name,lesson_views.date_at, lesson_views.views from lesson left join lesson_views on lesson.id=lesson_views.lesson_id order by lesson.id desc;
+----+---------------------+----------+-------+
| id | name | date_at | views |
+----+---------------------+----------+-------+
| 4 | SQL 基础教程 | NULL | NULL |
| 3 | Ruby 基础教程 | 20170511 | 49 |
| 3 | Ruby 基础教程 | 20170512 | 63 |
| 3 | Ruby 基础教程 | 20170513 | 87 |
| 1 | Python 基础教程 | 20170511 | 320 |
| 1 | Python 基础教程 | 20170512 | 220 |
| 1 | Python 基础教程 | 20170513 | 441 |
+----+---------------------+----------+-------+