动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait,watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,如:for 2 years,for a long time; since从句,如:since he came here; since+时间点名词,如:since last year, since 5 days ago; howlong等。
请看例句1.He has lived herefor 6 years.
请看例句2.You can keep the book for 5 days.
请看例句3.I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.
请看例句4.How long did you stay there last year?
请看例句5.My brother has joined the army for twoyears.(误)
My brother has been a soldier for two years .(正)
我哥哥自1999年就参军了。
请看例句6.My brother has joined the army since1999.(误)
My brother has been a soldier since1999 (正)
你哥哥参军多久了?
请看例句7.How long has your brother joined thearmy?(误)
How long has your brother been a soldier?(正)
二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin(start), finish, come, go, move,borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
请看例句He died 5 yearsago.
否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
请看例句1.I haven't left here for 3 years.
请看例句2.I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:
leave → be away离开;borrow → keep借;buy → have买;begin/start → be on开始/上演;die → bedead;finish/end/stop→ be over结束/完成;join → be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构;open/close sth → keep sth open/closed;fall ill → be ill;get up → be up;catch/get a cold → have a cold感冒;come here → be here;go there → be there;become → be成为;come back → be back;fall asleep → be asleep睡着;get to/ arrive/reach → be (in);leave → be away from;get to know → know;go (get) out → be out;put on → wear;catch a cold →have a cold; go to school→ be in school/be a student上学; go abroad → be abroad去国外; marry → be married(to)结婚; wake up → be awake醒; make friends with → be friends with成为/交朋友; lose → be lost/be missing/be gone丢失; lose one's job/work → be out of work/a job等。
请看例句1.The old man died 4 years ago.
→ The old man has been dead for 4 years.
→ It is 4 years since the old man died.
→ Four years has passed since the old man died.
请看例句2.He joined the Party 2 years ago.
→ He has been in the Party for 2 years.
→He has been a Party member for 2 years.
请看例句3. He joined the army 5 years ago.
→ He has been in the army for 5 years.
→ He has served in the army for 5 years.
→He has been a soldier for 5 years.
请看例句4.I bought the book 5 days ago.
→ I have had the book for 5 days.
练习:
1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
2.I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
3.The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A. has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
4.Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.
A. be away B. leave C. be left
6.The meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over
7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead
11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
12.He ________ the car for a week.
A. bought B. has bought C. has had
13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been
14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from
15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B. keep C. take
16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been
17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?
A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on
18.He ________ foe 2 hours.
A. got up B. has got up C. has been up
19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had
20.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep
21.---How long haveyou ________ the book? ---Two weeks.
A. bought B. lent C. had D. borrowed
22. ---Do you knowhim well?
---Sure, we________friends for ten years.
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
Key:
1---5 D C A B B; 6-- -10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C B; 16---20 C A C D D;21---22C B