linux正则使用

特殊符号

特殊符号	代表意义
[:alnum:]	代表英文大小写字节及数字，亦即 0-9, A-Z, a-z
[:alpha:]	代表任何英文大小写字节，亦即 A-Z, a-z
[:blank:]	代表空白键与 [Tab] 按键两者
[:cntrl:]	代表键盘上面的控制按键，亦即包括 CR, LF, Tab, Del… 等等
[:digit:]	代表数字而已，亦即 0-9
[:graph:]	除了空白字节 (空白键与 [Tab] 按键) 外的其他所有按键
[:lower:]	代表小写字节，亦即 a-z
[:print:]	代表任何可以被列印出来的字节
[:punct:]	代表标点符号 (punctuation symbol)，亦即：" ’ ? ! ; : # $…
[:upper:]	代表大写字节，亦即 A-Z
[:space:]	任何会产生空白的字节，包括空白键, [Tab], CR 等等
[:xdigit:]	代表 16 进位的数字类型，因此包括： 0-9, A-F, a-f 的数字与字节

#创建一个文件 拷贝下面内容到文件中
touch regular_express.txt

文件内容

"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
apple is my favorite food.
Football game is not use feet only.
this dress doesn't fit me.
However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars.^M
GNU is free air not free beer.^M
Her hair is very beauty.^M
I can't finish the test.^M
Oh! The soup taste good.^M
motorcycle is cheap than car.
This window is clear.
the symbol '*' is represented as start.
Oh!     My god!
The gd software is a library for drafting programs.^M
You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.
The world <Happy> is the same with "glad".
I like dog.
google is the best tools for search keyword.
goooooogle yes!
go! go! Let's go.
# I am VBird

grep进阶操作

搜寻特定字串

[root@localhost ~]# grep -n 'the' regular_express.txt
8:I can't finish the test.^M
12:the symbol '*' is represented as start.
15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.
16:The world <Happy> is the same with "glad".
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.

反向选择

[root@localhost ~]# grep -vn 'the' regular_express.txt
1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
2:apple is my favorite food.
3:Football game is not use feet only.
4:this dress doesn't fit me.
5:However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars.^M
6:GNU is free air not free beer.^M
7:Her hair is very beauty.^M
9:Oh! The soup taste good.^M
10:motorcycle is cheap than car.
11:This window is clear.
13:Oh!     My god!
14:The gd software is a library for drafting programs.^M
17:I like dog.
19:goooooogle yes!
20:go! go! Let's go.
21:# I am VBird
22:

利用中括号 [] 来搜寻集合字节

#搜寻 test 或 taste 这两个单字
[root@localhost ~]# grep -n 't[ae]st' regular_express.txt
8:I can't finish the test.^M
9:Oh! The soup taste good.^M

#不想要 oo 前面有 g 
[root@localhost ~]# grep -n '[^g]oo' regular_express.txt
2:apple is my favorite food.
3:Football game is not use feet only.
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
19:goooooogle yes!

 #oo 前面不想要有小写字节
[root@localhost ~]# grep -n '[^a-z]oo' regular_express.txt
3:Football game is not use feet only.

当我们在一组集合字节中，如果该字节组是连续的，例如大写英文/小写英文/数字等等， 就可以使用[a-z],[A-Z],[0-9]等方式来书写

也可以使用如下的方法

[root@localhost ~]# grep -n '[^[:lower:]]oo' regular_express.txt
3:Football game is not use feet only.

行首与行尾字节 ^ $

#让 the 只在行首列出
[root@localhost ~]# grep -n '^the' regular_express.txt
12:the symbol '*' is represented as start.

#开头是小写字节的那一行就列出
[root@localhost ~]# grep -n '^[a-z]' regular_express.txt
2:apple is my favorite food.
4:this dress doesn't fit me.
10:motorcycle is cheap than car.
12:the symbol '*' is represented as start.
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
19:goooooogle yes!
20:go! go! Let's go.
#上面的命令也可以用如下的方式来取代
grep -n '^[^a-zA-Z]' regular_express.txt

^ 符号，在字节集合符号(括号[])之内与之外是不同的！ 在 [] 内代表『反向选择』，在 [] 之外则代表定位在行首的意义

行尾结束为小数点 (.) 的那一行

[root@localhost ~]# grep -n '\.$' regular_express.txt
1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
2:apple is my favorite food.
3:Football game is not use feet only.
4:this dress doesn't fit me.
10:motorcycle is cheap than car.
11:This window is clear.
12:the symbol '*' is represented as start.
15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.
16:The world <Happy> is the same with "glad".
17:I like dog.
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
20:go! go! Let's go.

任意一个字节 . 与重复字节*

• . (小数点)：代表『一定有一个任意字节』的意思；
• * (星星号)：代表『重复前一个字节， 0 到无穷多次』的意思，为组合形态

#找出 g??d 的字串
[root@localhost ~]# grep -n 'g..d' regular_express.txt
1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
9:Oh! The soup taste good.^M
16:The world <Happy> is the same with "glad".

#至少两个 o 以上的字串
[root@localhost ~]# grep -n 'ooo*' regular_express.txt
1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
2:apple is my favorite food.
3:Football game is not use feet only.
9:Oh! The soup taste good.^M
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
19:goooooogle yes!

限定连续 RE 字符范围 {}
限制一个范围区间内的重复字节数，使用字符范围{}
注：因为 { 与 } 的符号在 shell 是有特殊意义的，因此， 我们必须要使用转义字符 \ 来让他失去特殊意义才行

#找到两个 o 的字串
[root@localhost ~]# grep -n 'o\{2\}' regular_express.txt
1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.
2:apple is my favorite food.
3:Football game is not use feet only.
9:Oh! The soup taste good.^M
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
19:goooooogle yes!

#找出 g 后面接 2 到 5 个 o ，然后再接一个 g 的字串
[root@localhost ~]# grep -n 'go\{2,5\}g' regular_express.txt
18:google is the best tools for search keyword.

基础正规表示法字符汇整 (characters)

RE 字符	意义与范例
^word	意义：待搜寻的字串(word)在行首！
word$	意义：待搜寻的字串(word)在行尾！
.	意义：代表『一定有一个任意字节』的字符！
\	意义：跳脱字符，将特殊符号的特殊意义去除！
*	意义：重复零个到无穷多个的前一个 RE 字符
[list]	意义：字节集合的 RE 字符，里面列出想要撷取的字节！
[n1-n2]	意义：字节集合的 RE 字符，里面列出想要选择的字节范围
[^list]	意义：字节集合的 RE 字符，里面列出不要的字串或范围！
{n,m}	意义：连续 n 到 m 个的『前一个 RE 字符』;若为 {n} 则是连续 n 个的前一个 RE 字符，;若是 {n,} 则是连续 n 个以上的前一个 RE 字符！