【DA】-【SQL】-【B站_SQL面试50题】第03-50题合集

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-12 18:22:42 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-04-12 18:22:42 发布
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分类专栏： SQL DA 文章标签： sql
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32760017/article/details/105519129
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0.来源&目的
  • 来源和目的见第一篇；
  • 需求都写在代码注释当中；
  • 部分题号缺失是由于题目重复，详情参考第一篇参考中的原文。
1.本文内容快速索引
2.内容
-- 学生表
CREATE TABLE `Student`(
`s_id` VARCHAR(20),
`s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`)
);
-- 课程表
CREATE TABLE `Course`(
`c_id` VARCHAR(20),
`c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`)
);
-- 教师表
CREATE TABLE `Teacher`(
`t_id` VARCHAR(20),
`t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`)
);
-- 成绩表
CREATE TABLE `Score`(
`s_id` VARCHAR(20),
`c_id` VARCHAR(20),
`s_score` INT(3),
PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`)
);
-- 插入学生表测试数据
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');
-- 课程表测试数据
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');

-- 教师表测试数据
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');

-- 成绩表测试数据
insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);

select @@global.sql_mode;
-- ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
set @@global.sql_mode ='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION';
-- STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
  • 03：查询所有学生的学号、姓名、选课数和总成绩
-- 查询所有学生的学号、姓名、选课数和总成绩
-- 当出现group by时，select后面跟着的字段应当是：
-- 1.出现在group by后面的内容；2.统计函数；（这样才更严谨）
-- 左连接是为了防止选课表中缺失的学生记录
select stu.s_id, stu.s_name, count(sc.c_id), 
sum(case when sc.s_score is NULL then 0 else sc.s_score end)
from score as sc
left join student as stu 
on stu.s_id=sc.s_id
group by stu.s_id, stu.s_name
  • 04：查询姓张的老师有多少个
select count(t_id)
from teacher where t_name like '张%'

-- 若希望计数结果中不存在重复姓名的话，就可以使用distinct关键词
select count(distinct t_id)
from teacher where t_name like '张%'
  • 05：查询所有未选过张三老师课程的学生
-- 查询所有未选过张三老师课程的学生
-- 思路是：1.查询出选择张三老师课程的学生；2.去除这些学生就是结果。
-- 方法1：嵌套方法
select s.s_id, s.s_name from student as s where s.s_id not in
(
	select distinct sc.s_id from score as sc where sc.c_id=
		(select c.c_id from course as c where c.t_id = 
			(select t.t_id from teacher as t where t.t_name='张三')
		)
);
-- 方法2：连接方法
select s.s_id,s.s_name from student as s where s.s_id not in
(
	select sc.s_id from score as sc 
	inner join course as c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
	inner join teacher as t on t.t_id = c.t_id
	where t.t_name = '张三'
);
  • 06：查询选修了张三老师全部课程的学生学号和姓名
-- 查询选修了张三老师全部课程的学生学号和姓名
-- 思路1：查询选修课程数等于张三老师课程数的学生
select sc.s_id,s.s_name from score as sc
inner join course as c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
inner join teacher as t on t.t_id = c.t_id
inner join student as s on s.s_id = sc.s_id
where t.t_name='张三'
group by sc.s_id having count(sc.c_id) = 
(select count(c.c_id) from course as c 
inner join teacher as t on t.t_id = c.t_id
where t.t_name = '张三')
  • 07：查询选修过课程01也选修过课程02的学生学号和姓名
-- 查询选修过课程01也选修过课程02的学生学号和姓名
select sc1.s_id, sc1.c_id, sc2.c_id from
(select * from score where c_id = '01') as sc1 
inner join
(select * from score where c_id = '02') as sc2
on sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id
  • 08：查询课程编号为02的总成绩
-- 查询课程编号为02的总成绩
-- 方法1
select sum(sc.s_score) from score as sc
where sc.c_id = '02';
-- 方法 2
select sum(sc.s_score) from score as sc
group by sc.c_id having sc.c_id = '02';
  • 09：查询所有课程小于60分的学生学号和姓名
-- 查询所有课程小于60分的学生学号和姓名
-- 方法1：最高分小于60分的学生即可
select s.s_id, s.s_name from score as sc 
inner join student as s on s.s_id = sc.s_id
group by sc.s_id having max(sc.s_score) < 60;
-- 方法2：选修课程数目等于成绩小于60分的课程数目
-- 方法2实现1：
select sc1.s_id,s.s_name from score as sc1 
inner join student as s on s.s_id = sc1.s_id
group by sc1.s_id having count(sc1.c_id)=
(select count(sc.c_id) from score as sc where sc1.s_id = sc.s_id group by sc.s_id);
-- 方法2实现2：
select s.s_id,s.s_name from
(select sc1.s_id,count(sc1.c_id)as cnt from score as sc1 group by sc1.s_id) as sc_c1
inner join
(select sc2.s_id,count(sc2.c_id)as cnt from score as sc2 where sc2.s_score<60 group by sc2.s_id) as sc_c2
on sc_c1.s_id = sc_c2.s_id
inner join student as s on s.s_id = sc_c1.s_id
where sc_c1.cnt = sc_c2.cnt;
  • 10：查询没有学全所有课程的学生学号和姓名
-- 10-查询没有学全所有课程的学生学号和姓名
-- 方法1：选修课程数目等于课程总数(这个方法有错误)
select sc.s_id, s.s_name from score as sc
inner join student as s on s.s_id = sc.s_id 
group by sc.s_id having count(sc.c_id) < 
(select count(c.c_id) from course as c);
-- 方法2：修正版（student可能一门课也没选）
select s.s_id,s.s_name from student as s
left join score as sc on sc.s_id = s.s_id
group by s.s_id having count(sc.c_id)<
(select count(c.c_id) from course as c);
  • 11：查询至少选修了和学生01有一门相同课程的学生学号和姓名
-- 查询至少选修了和学生01有一门相同课程的学生学号和姓名
-- 方法1：使用in
select s.s_id,s.s_name from student as s where s.s_id in
	(select distinct sc.s_id from score as sc where sc.c_id in
		(select sc1.c_id from score as sc1 where sc1.s_id='01')
		and sc.s_id != '01');

-- 方法2：使用inner join
select s.s_id,s.s_name from student as s
inner join(
	select distinct sc.s_id from score as sc where sc.c_id in
	(select sc1.c_id from score as sc1 where sc1.s_id='01')
	and sc.s_id != '01'
)as b on s.s_id = b.s_id;
  • 12：查询和01同学选修的课程完全一样的其他同学的学号和姓名
-- 查询和01同学选修的课程完全一样的其他同学的学号和姓名
-- 方法1：直接用in的方法，存在错误，因为选课为其子集的同学会选出来（需要再inner join一次）
select distinct a.s_id,a.s_name from(
	select s.s_id,s.s_name from student as s where s.s_id not in(
		select distinct sc1.s_id from score as sc1 where sc1.c_id not in
		(select sc.c_id from score as sc where sc.s_id = '01')
	) and s.s_id!='01'
)as a inner join score as b on a.s_id = b.s_id;

-- 方法2:改为inner JOIN，同样存在错误（改为left join依然有问题）
select s1.s_id,s1.s_name from student as s1 where s1.s_id not in(
	select s.s_id from student as s left join(
		select distinct sc1.s_id from score as sc1 where sc1.c_id not in
		(
			select sc.c_id from score as sc where sc.s_id='01'
		)
	) as b on s.s_id = b.s_id
)and s1.s_id!='01';

-- 方法1和2是错误的，正确思路是方法3
-- 方法3：排除只要有一门课不在学生01选课列表中之后，再加上两者选课数目一样的条件即可
select s.s_id,s.s_name from student as s where s.s_id!='01'
and
	s.s_id in(select sc2.s_id from score as sc2 
		group by sc2.s_id having count(sc2.c_id) = (select count(sc3.c_id) from score as sc3 group by sc3.s_id having sc3.s_id='01'))
and 
	s.s_id not in(
		select distinct sc1.s_id from score as sc1 where sc1.c_id not in
		(
			select sc.c_id from score as sc where sc.s_id='01'
		)
	);
  • 15：查询有两门及两门以上成绩不及格的学生学号姓名及平均成绩
-- 15-查询有两门及两门以上成绩不及格的学生学号姓名及平均成绩
select s.s_id,s.s_name,avg(sc1.s_score) from student as s
inner join score as sc1 on sc1.s_id = s.s_id
where s.s_id in(
select sc.s_id from score as sc where sc.s_score<60 group by sc.s_id having count(distinct sc.c_id)>=2
)group by s.s_id,s.s_name;
  • 16：选修01课程且不及格的学生信息，按照分数降序排列
-- 16-选修01课程且不及格的学生信息，按照分数降序排列
-- 先连接后where条件
select s.s_id,s.s_name,sc.s_score from score as sc inner join student as s on s.s_id=sc.s_id
where sc.c_id='01' and sc.s_score<60 order by sc.s_score DESC;
  • 17：按照平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
-- 17-按照平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
-- 显示每个学生的学号、姓名、单个课程成绩、全部课程的平均成绩
select sc1.s_id,s.s_name,sc1.c_id,sc1.s_score,sc2.sc_avg_s_score from score as sc1 inner join(
select sc2.s_id,avg(sc2.s_score) as sc_avg_s_score from score as sc2 group by sc2.s_id)
as sc2 on sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id 
inner join student as s on s.s_id = sc1.s_id
order by sc2.sc_avg_s_score desc;
-- 显示每个学生的学号、姓名、单个课程成绩、该课程平均成绩
select s.s_id,s.s_name,sc.c_id,sc.s_score,sc2.sc_avg_c_score from student as s
inner join score as sc on sc.s_id = s.s_id
inner join
(select sc.c_id,avg(sc.s_score) as sc_avg_c_score from score as sc group by sc.c_id)
as sc2 on sc.c_id = sc2.c_id
order by sc2.sc_avg_c_score desc,sc.s_score desc;
  • 18：查询各科成绩最高分、最低分、平均分、及格率、中等率、优良率和优秀率
-- 18-查询各科成绩最高分、最低分、平均分、及格率、中等率、优良率和优秀率
select sc.c_id,c.c_name,max(sc.s_score) '最高分',min(sc.s_score) '最低分',
avg(sc.s_score) '平均分',
sum(case when sc.s_score>=60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.c_id)*100 '及格率%',
sum(case when sc.s_score>=70 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.c_id)*100 '中等率%',
sum(case when sc.s_score>=80 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.c_id)*100 '良好率%',
sum(case when sc.s_score>=90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.c_id)*100 '优秀率%'
from score as sc
inner join course as c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
group by sc.c_id
  • 19：按各科成绩排行，并显示排名
-- 19-按各科成绩排行，并显示排名
select sc.s_id,sc.s_score,@cur_rank := @cur_rank+1 as rank
from score as sc,
(select @cur_rank := 0) as a
order by sc.s_score desc
  • 20：查询学生的总成绩并进行排名
-- 20-查询学生的总成绩并进行排名
select sc.s_id '学号',s.s_name '姓名',sum(sc.s_score) '总分'
from score as sc inner join student as s
on s.s_id = sc.s_id
group by sc.s_id
order by '总分' desc
  • 21：查询不同老师所教不同课程的平均分并按照平均分降序排列
-- 21-查询不同老师所教不同课程的平均分并按照平均分降序排列
-- 以课程为主体，计算单个课程平均分
select t.t_name '授课老师',c.c_name '课程名',avg(sc.s_score) '课程平均分1'
from score as sc 
inner join course as c
on c.c_id = sc.c_id
inner join teacher as t
on t.t_id = c.t_id
group by sc.c_id
order by 课程平均分1 desc;

-- 以教师为主体，计算老师所有课程平均分
select t.t_name '授课老师',c.c_name '课程名',avg(sc.s_score) '课程平均分2'
from teacher as t
inner join course as c
on c.t_id = t.t_id
inner join score as sc
on sc.c_id = c.c_id
group by t.t_id, t.t_name
order by 课程平均分2 desc;
  • 23：分段统计各科分数，并显示各科人数
-- 23-分段统计各科分数，并显示各科人数
select c.c_id,c.c_name,
sum(case when sc.s_score<=100 and sc.s_score>85 then 1 else 0 end) as '(85,100]',
sum(case when sc.s_score<=85 and sc.s_score>75 then 1 else 0 end) as '(75,85]',
sum(case when sc.s_score<=75 and sc.s_score>=60 then 1 else 0 end) as '(60,75]',
sum(case when sc.s_score<60 and sc.s_score>=0 then 1 else 0 end) as '[0,60)'
from score as sc
inner join course as c
on c.c_id = sc.c_id
group by c.c_id
  • 26：查询每门课程选课人数
-- 26-查询每门课程选课人数
select c.c_name,sc.c_id,count(distinct sc.s_id) from score as sc
inner join course as c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
group by sc.c_id,c.c_name
  • 27：查询只选修了两门课程的学生学号和姓名
-- 27-查询只选修了两门课程的学生学号和姓名
select s.s_id,s.s_name from score as sc
inner join student as s
on s.s_id = sc.s_id
group by sc.s_id having count(distinct sc.c_id)=2
  • 28：查询名字中存在“风”字的学生
-- 28-查询名字中存在“风”字的学生
select * from student as s
where s.s_name like '%风%'
  • 29：查询男生、女生人数
-- 29-查询男生、女生人数
select s.s_sex,count(distinct s.s_id) from student as s
group by s.s_sex
  • 31：查询1990年出生的学生
-- 31-查询1990年出生的学生
-- year()函数
select * from student as s
where year(s.s_birth)=1990;

select * from student as s
where year(s.s_birth)='1990';
  • 32：查询平均分高于85的学生学号和姓名及其平均分
-- 32-查询平均分高于85的学生学号和姓名及其平均分
select s.s_id,s.s_name,avg(sc.s_score) as avg_score
from score as sc
inner join student as s
on s.s_id = sc.s_id
group by sc.s_id having avg_score>=85

  • 33：查询课程平均成绩并按照课程成绩升序排序，若成绩相同按照学号降序排序
-- 33-查询课程平均成绩并按照课程成绩升序排序，若成绩相同按照学号降序排序
select c.c_id,c.c_name,avg(sc.s_score) as avg_score_c from score as sc
inner join course as c
on c.c_id = sc.c_id
group by sc.c_id,c.c_name
order by avg_score_c asc,c.c_id desc
  • 34：查询数学课不及格的学生学号和姓名
-- 34-查询数学课不及格的学生学号和姓名
select s.s_id,s.s_name from score as sc
inner join student as s on s.s_id = sc.s_id
inner join course as c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
where c.c_name='数学' and sc.s_score<60
  • 36：学生成绩高于70分的课程成绩及其学号姓名
-- 36-学生成绩高于70分的课程成绩及其学号姓名
select s.s_id,s.s_name,sc.s_score from score as sc
inner join student as s on s.s_id = sc.s_id
where sc.s_score>=70
  • 37：查询不及格的课程并按照课程号降序排列
-- 37-查询不及格的课程并按照课程号降序排列
select c.c_id,c.c_name,sc.s_score from score as sc
inner join course as c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
where sc.s_score<60
order by c.c_id desc
  • 38：查询课程03成绩在80分以上的学生学号和姓名
-- 38-查询课程03成绩在80分以上的学生学号和姓名
select s.s_name,s.s_id,sc.c_id,sc.s_score from score as sc
inner join student as s on s.s_id = sc.s_id
where sc.s_score>=80 and sc.c_id = '03'
  • 39：求每门课程的选课人数
-- 39-求每门课程的选课人数
select c.c_id,c.c_name,count(distinct sc.s_id) from score as sc
inner join course as c on sc.c_id = c.c_id
group by sc.c_id,c.c_name
  • 40：查询张三老师所授课程最高成绩学生姓名学号及其成绩
-- 40-查询张三老师所授课程最高成绩学生姓名学号及其成绩
select s.s_id,s.s_name,c.c_name,max(sc.s_score) as max_score from score as sc
inner join student as s on s.s_id = sc.s_id
inner join course as c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
inner join teacher as t on t.t_id = c.t_id
where t.t_name='张三'
group by c.c_id;

select s.s_id,s.s_name,c.c_name,max(sc.s_score) as max_score from score as sc
inner join student as s on s.s_id = sc.s_id
inner join course as c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
inner join teacher as t on t.t_id = c.t_id
where t.t_name='张三'
order by sc.s_score desc limit 0,1; -- 从0开始取一行
  • 43：查询每门课程选修人数(超过个人)，按照人数降序排序，若选秀人数相同按照课程号升序
-- 43-查询每门课程选修人数(超过个人)，按照人数降序排序，若选秀人数相同按照课程号升序排序
select c.c_name,c.c_id,count(distinct sc.s_id) as count_sid 
from score as sc
inner join course as c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
group by sc.c_id having count_sid>5
order by count_sid desc,sc.c_id asc;
  • 44：至少选修了两门课程的学生的学号和姓名
-- 44-至少选修了两门课程的学生的学号和姓名
select s.s_id,s.s_name,count(distinct sc.c_id) as count_course 
from score as sc
inner join student as s on s.s_id = sc.s_id
group by sc.s_id having count_course>=2
  • 45：查询选修了全部课程的学生的信息
-- 45-查询选修了全部课程的学生的信息
select s.s_id,s.s_name,count(distinct sc.c_id) as count_course from score as sc
inner join student as s on s.s_id = sc.s_id
group by s.s_id having count_course=(select count(distinct c.c_id) from course as c)
  • 46：查询各学生的年龄
-- 46-查询各学生的年龄
-- 方法1：使用datadiff和floor减出天数然后除以365
select s.s_id,s.s_name,s.s_birth,FLOOR(datediff('2020-02-21',s.s_birth)/365) as stu_age from student as s;
-- 方法2：使用now()函数而不用手动输入日期
select s.s_id,s.s_name,s.s_birth,FLOOR(datediff(now(),s.s_birth)/365) as stu_age from student as s;
-- 方法3：使用年份相减，用到year()函数--比起之前的结果会有所不同，更加粗略
select s.s_id,s.s_name,s.s_birth,year(now())-year(s.s_birth) from student as s;
  • 47：查询没学过张三老师任意一门课的学生姓名
-- 47-查询没学过张三老师任意一门课的学生姓名
-- 方法1
select s.s_id,s.s_name from student as s where s.s_id not in
(
	select sc.s_id from score as sc
	inner join course as c on c.c_id = sc.c_id
	inner join teacher as t on t.t_id = c.t_id
	where t.t_name = '张三'
);
  • 48：查询下周过生日的同学
-- 48-查询下周过生日的同学
select * from student;

select * from student as s
where week(concat(substring(date(now()),1,4),substring(s.s_birth,5,6)),1)-week(now(),1)=-1
or week(concat(substring(date(now()),1,4),substring(s.s_birth,5,6)),1)-week(now(),1) = -51;

select * from student as s
where week(concat(substring(date('2019-12-31'),1,4),substring(s.s_birth,5,6)),1)-week('2019-12-31',1)=-1
or week(concat(substring(date('2019-12-31'),1,4),substring(s.s_birth,5,6)),1)-week('2019-01-31',1) = -51;

select week(concat(substring(date('2019-12-31'),1,4),substring(s.s_birth,5,6)),1)-week('2019-12-31',1)
from student as s;

select * from student as s
where 
	week(concat(substring(date('2020-12-28'),1,4),substring(s.s_birth,5,6)),1)
	-week('2020-12-28',1)
	=-1
or 
	week(concat(substring(date('2020-12-28'),1,4),substring(s.s_birth,5,6)),1)-week('2020-01-28',1) = -51;
  • 49：查询本月过生日的学生信息
-- 49-查询本月过生日的学生信息
select * from student as s
where month(s.s_birth) = month(now());

select * from student as s
where month(s.s_birth) = month('20201201');
  • 50：查询下个月过生日的学生信息
-- 50-查询下个月过生日的学生信息
select * from student as s
where month(s.s_birth)-month(now())=1 
or month(s.s_birth)-month(now())= -11;

select * from student as s
where month(s.s_birth)-month('2020-11-01')=1 
or month(s.s_birth)-month('2020-11-01')= -11;
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