python中正则表达式库re的使用（regex）

一、正则表达式库的引用

在python中，你要使用正则表达式，需要引用程序库re。

import re

二、正则表达式函数说明：

match =》尝试在字符串的开头运用模式，返回一个match对象，如果没有匹配则返回None

fullmatch =》尝试对整个字符串运用模式，返回一个match对象，如果没有匹配或部分匹配则返回None

search =》 扫描整个字符串来匹配模式，返回一个match对象，如果没有找到匹配则返回None

sub =》 找到模式匹配的字符串并替换掉。返回替换了的字符串

subn =》找到模式匹配的字符串并替换掉。 返回替换了的字符串和匹配的次数

split =》根据模式匹配来分割字符串，返回子字符串列表，列表中可能包含空的字符串。

findall =》 查找所有非重叠的匹配，返回的是一个组列表

三、简单模式的使用

if m is not None:

#food of the sea里面开头匹配foo： foo

print( "food of the sea里面开头匹配foo：",m.group())

print( "")

print( "匹配多个字符串符号|")

pattern = "bet|bat|bit"

str = "bat"

m = re.match(pattern, str)

if m is not None:

#bat里面开头匹配bet|bat|bit = bat

print( "%s里面开头匹配%s = %s"%( str, pattern, m.group()))

m = re.match(pattern, "blt")

if m is None:

#bat里面匹配bet|bat|bit = None

print( "%s里面开头匹配%s = %s" % ( str, pattern, "None"))

print( "")

print( ".匹配任何单个的字符，除了\\n")

pattern = ".end"

str = "tend"

m = re.match(pattern, "tend")

if m is not None:

#tend里面开头匹配.end = tend

print( "%s里面开头匹配%s = %s"%( str, pattern, m.group()))

str = "end"

m = re.match(pattern, str)

if m is None:

#end里面开头匹配.end = None

print( "%s里面开头匹配%s = %s" % ( str, pattern, "None"))

str = "\nend"

m = re.match(pattern, str)

if m is None:

#\nend里面开头匹配.end = None

print( "%s里面开头匹配%s = %s" % ( str, pattern, "None"))

print( ".不能匹配\\n")

print( "")

print( "创建字符串类，[]")

pattern = "[cr][23][dp][t2]"

str = "c3pt"

m = re.match(pattern, str)

if m is not None:

#c3pt里面开头匹配[cr][23][dp][t2] = c3pt

print( "%s里面开头匹配%s = %s" % ( str, pattern, m.group()))

str = "c2d2"

m = re.match(pattern, str)

if m is not None:

#c2d2里面开头匹配[cr][23][dp][t2] = c2d2

print( "%s里面开头匹配%s = %s" % ( str, pattern, m.group()))

str = "c2dd"

m = re.match(pattern, str)

if m is None:

#c2dd里面开头匹配[cr][23][dp][t2] = None

print( "%s里面开头匹配%s = %s" % ( str, pattern, "None"))

print( "")

print( "匹配特殊字符")

pattern = "\w+@(\w+\.)?\w+\.com"

str = "jacky@xxx.com"

m = re.match(pattern, str)

if m is not None:

#jacky@xxx.com里面开头匹配\w+@(\w+\.)?\w+\.com = jacky@xxx.com

print( "%s里面开头匹配%s = %s" % ( str, pattern, m.group()))

str = "jacky@apex.tw.com"

m = re.match(pattern, str)

if m is not None:

#jacky@apex.tw.com里面开头匹配\w+@(\w+\.)?\w+\.com = jacky@apex.tw.com

print( "%s里面开头匹配%s = %s" % ( str, pattern, m.group()))

str = "jacky@apex.dd.tw.com"

m = re.match(pattern, str)

if m is None:

#jacky@apex.dd.tw.com里面匹配\w+@(\w+\.)?\w+\.com = None

print( "%s里面开头匹配%s = %s" % ( str, pattern, "None"))

四、正则表达式函数的使用

print( "")

print( "re模式匹配函数测试")

print( "测试fullmatch方法")

pattern = ".end"

str = "this is the end of film"

m = re.fullmatch(pattern, str)

if m is None:

#this is the end of film里面整体匹配.end = None

print( "%s里面整体匹配%s = %s"%( str, pattern, "None"))

str = "tend"

m = re.fullmatch(pattern, str)

if m is not None:

#tend里面整体匹配.end = tend

print( "%s里面整体匹配%s = %s" % ( str, pattern, m.group()))

print( "")

print( "测试search方法")

str = "this is the dend of film"

m = re.search(pattern, str)

if m is not None:

#this is the dend of film里面搜索匹配.end = dend

print( "%s里面搜索匹配%s = %s" % ( str, pattern, m.group()))

str = "this is the nd of film"

m = re.search(pattern, str)

if m is None:

#this is the nd of film里面搜索匹配.end = None

print( "%s里面搜索匹配%s = %s" % ( str, pattern, "None"))

print( "")

print( "测试sub方法")

pattern = "[aoe]"

str = "mark the amoment"

m = re.sub(pattern, "o", str)

#mark the amoment被模式[aoe]替换后的字符串mork tho omomont

print( "%s被模式%s替换后的字符串%s"%( str, pattern, m))

str = "pip pip pug"

m = re.sub(pattern, "o", str)

#pip pip pug被模式[aoe]替换后的字符串pip pip pug

print( "%s被模式%s替换后的字符串%s"%( str, pattern, m))

print( "")

print( "测试subn方法")

pattern = "[aoe]"

str = "mark the amoment"

m = re.subn(pattern, "o", str)

#mark the amoment被模式[aoe]替换后的字符串('mork tho omomont', 5)

print( "%s被模式%s替换后的字符串%s"%( str, pattern, m))

str = "pip pip pug"

m = re.subn(pattern, "o", str)

#pip pip pug被模式[aoe]替换后的字符串('pip pip pug', 0)

print( "%s被模式%s替换后的字符串%s"%( str, pattern, m))

print( "")

print( "测试split方法")

pattern = "of|the"

str = "the book of the school, the nineth."

m = re.split(pattern, str)

#the book of the school, the nineth.被模式of|the分割后的列表['', ' book ', ' ', ' school, ', ' nineth.']

print( "%s被模式%s分割后的列表%s"%( str, pattern, m))

print( "")

print( "测试findall方法")

pattern = "of|the"

str = "the book of the school, the nineth."

m = re.findall(pattern, str)

#the book of the school, the nineth.被模式of|the分割后的列表['the', 'of', 'the', 'the']

print( "%s被模式%s找到的字符串列表%s"%( str, pattern, m))