CentOS7安装Oracle11g

前提条件：
准备一台CentOS虚拟机。（2C 8G 80GB）
参考：vmware上安装centos7的安装（仅主机模式）

1.先决条件

1.1关闭防火墙

#检查防火墙状态
systemctl status firewalld.service
#暂时关闭防火墙，下次启动时防火墙仍随系统启动而启动
systemctl stop firewalld.service
#彻底永久关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld.service

1.2 关闭SELINUX防火墙！

vi /etc/selinux/config
将内容
SELINUX=enforcing
更改为
SELINUX=disabled

1.3 更改主机名，
/etc/hosts中添加 192.168.16.21 oracle21c

vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.16.11 oracle11g

1.4 配置yum源：参考 yum源的介绍

创建 yums目录

[root] mkdir /yums

a 挂载光盘镜像
b 进入到光盘镜像中的Package目录中将所有的软件包复制到我们预设的目录下

cd /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64/Packages
cp * /yums
cd /yums
createrepo .

删除CentOS自带的YUM源，并创建yum.local.repo文件，加入如下内容
[local]
name=yum local repo
baseurl=file:///yums
gpgcheck=0
enable=1

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
rm -rf *
vi yum.local.repo
[local]
name=yum local repo
baseurl=file:///yums
gpgcheck=0
enable=1

生成缓存

yum clean all 

1.5 安装依赖包

yum install -y bc
yum install -y compat-libcap1*
yum install -y compat-libcap*
yum install -y binutils 
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33 
yum install -y elfutils-libelf 
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel 
yum install -y gcc 
yum install -y gcc-c++ 
yum install -y glibc-2.5 
yum install -y glibc-common 
yum install -y glibc-devel 
yum install -y glibc-headers 
yum install -y ksh libaio 
yum install -y libaio-devel 
yum install -y libgcc 
yum install -y libstdc++ 
yum install -y libstdc++-devel 
yum install -y make 
yum install -y sysstat 
yum install -y unixODBC 
yum install -y unixODBC-devel
yum install -y binutils*
yum install -y compat-libstdc*
yum install -y elfutils-libelf*
yum install -y gcc*
yum install -y glibc*
yum install -y ksh*
yum install -y libaio*
yum install -y libgcc*
yum install -y libstdc*
yum install -y make*
yum install -y sysstat*
yum install -y libXp*
yum install -y glibc-kernheaders
yum install -y net-tools-*

1.6. 修改LINUX的内核文件

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmmax = 277495689510912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
#net.core.somaxconn = 262144
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 6
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2

生成系统参数

sysctl -p 

1.7 添加下列参数到/etc/security/limits.conf

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle   soft   nofile    1024
oracle   hard   nofile    65536
oracle   soft   nproc    16384
oracle   hard   nproc    16384
oracle   soft   stack    10240
oracle   hard   stack    32768
oracle   hard   memlock    134217728
oracle   soft   memlock    134217728

1.8.添加下列条目到/etc/pam.d/login 这两个主要是限制使用进程数

vi /etc/pam.d/login

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

1.9 添加环境变量

vim /etc/profile

11g/12c/19c
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
   if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
      ulimit -p 16384
      ulimit -n 65536
      else
      ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
   fi
fi

使环境变量生效

source /etc/profile

1.10 创建文件目录和相应的用户

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba     
groupadd oper         
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
	
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle                    	     
mkdir -p /u01/oraInventory
chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle	
	


1.11给oracle用户加一个密码
```bash
passwd oracle

1.12 配置ORACLE用户的环境变量

su - oracle

#修改oracle用户的环境变量文件
vim .bash_profile

export EDITOR=vi
export TMP=/tmp  
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.4/db_1
export INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
umask 022

使环境变量生效

source .bash_profile

1.13 上传软件/u01并且解压

su - root
chown -R oracle:oinstall  p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
chown -R oracle:oinstall  p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

su - oracle
cd $ORACLE_HOME
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip