NIO学习笔记

1、NIO三大核心 buteBuffer、channel、Selector
2、ByteBuffer 使用

public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 构建一个byte字节缓冲区,容量是4
        ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
        // 默认写入模式,查看三个重要的指标
        System.out.println(String.format("初始化:capacity容量:%s, position位置:%s, limit限制:%s", byteBuffer.capacity(),
                byteBuffer.position(), byteBuffer.limit()));
        // 写入2字节的数据
        byteBuffer.put((byte) 1);
        byteBuffer.put((byte) 2);
        byteBuffer.put((byte) 3);
        // 再看数据
        System.out.println(String.format("写入3字节后,capacity容量:%s, position位置:%s, limit限制:%s", byteBuffer.capacity(),
                byteBuffer.position(), byteBuffer.limit()));

        // 转换为读取模式(不调用flip方法,也是可以读取数据的,但是position记录读取的位置不对)
        System.out.println("#######开始读取");
        byteBuffer.flip();
        byte a = byteBuffer.get();
        System.out.println(a);
        byte b = byteBuffer.get();
        System.out.println(b);
        System.out.println(String.format("读取2字节数据后,capacity容量:%s, position位置:%s, limit限制:%s", byteBuffer.capacity(),
                byteBuffer.position(), byteBuffer.limit()));

        // 继续写入3字节,此时读模式下,limit=3,position=2.继续写入只能覆盖写入一条数据
        // clear()方法清除整个缓冲区。compact()方法仅清除已阅读的数据。转为写入模式
        byteBuffer.compact(); // buffer : 1 , 3
        byteBuffer.put((byte) 3);
        byteBuffer.put((byte) 4);
        byteBuffer.put((byte) 5);
        System.out.println(String.format("最终的情况,capacity容量:%s, position位置:%s, limit限制:%s", byteBuffer.capacity(),
                byteBuffer.position(), byteBuffer.limit()));
         // rewind() 重置position为0
        // mark() 标记position的位置
        // reset() 重置position为上次mark()标记的位置

可是使用allocateDirect申请ByteBuffer为堆外内存
注意:
1、堆外内存使用要控制大小,
2、读取数据是要调用byteBuffer.flip();将ByteBuffer转换为读模式,原理:是将positon归0
3、NIO代码实例

public class NIOServerV2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 1. 创建网络服务端ServerSocketChannel
        ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false); // 设置为非阻塞模式

        // 2. 构建一个Selector选择器,并且将channel注册上去
        Selector selector = Selector.open();
        SelectionKey selectionKey = serverSocketChannel.register(selector, 0, serverSocketChannel);// 将serverSocketChannel注册到selector
        selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT); // 对serverSocketChannel上面的accept事件感兴趣(serverSocketChannel只能支持accept操作)

        // 3. 绑定端口
        serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));

        System.out.println("启动成功");

        while (true) {
            // 不再轮询通道,改用下面轮询事件的方式.select方法有阻塞效果,直到有事件通知才会有返回
            selector.select();
            // 获取事件
            Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
            // 遍历查询结果e
            Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = selectionKeys.iterator();
            while (iter.hasNext()) {
                // 被封装的查询结果
                SelectionKey key = iter.next();
                iter.remove();
                // 关注 Read 和 Accept两个事件
                if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                    ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) key.attachment();
                    // 将拿到的客户端连接通道,注册到selector上面
                    SocketChannel clientSocketChannel = server.accept(); // mainReactor 轮询accept
                    clientSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
                    clientSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, clientSocketChannel);
                    System.out.println("收到新连接 : " + clientSocketChannel.getRemoteAddress());
                }

                if (key.isReadable()) {
                    SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) key.attachment();
                    try {
                        ByteBuffer requestBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                        while (socketChannel.isOpen() && socketChannel.read(requestBuffer) != -1) {
                            // 长连接情况下,需要手动判断数据有没有读取结束 (此处做一个简单的判断: 超过0字节就认为请求结束了)
                            if (requestBuffer.position() > 0) break;
                        }
                        if(requestBuffer.position() == 0) continue; // 如果没数据了, 则不继续后面的处理
                        requestBuffer.flip();
                        byte[] content = new byte[requestBuffer.limit()];
                        requestBuffer.get(content);
                        System.out.println(new String(content));
                        System.out.println("收到数据,来自:" + socketChannel.getRemoteAddress());
                        // TODO 业务操作 数据库 接口调用等等

                        // 响应结果 200
                        String response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" +
                                "Content-Length: 11\r\n\r\n" +
                                "Hello World";
                        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(response.getBytes());
                        while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
                            socketChannel.write(buffer);
                        }
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        // e.printStackTrace();
                        key.cancel(); // 取消事件订阅
                    }
                }
            }
            selector.selectNow();
        }
      
    }
}

问题: 此处一个selector监听所有事件,一个线程处理所有请求事件. 会成为瓶颈! 要有多线程的运用
4、Reactor解决方案
分为三个类 ReactorThread封装Selector的操作,Reactormain为Reactor的实现,App为测试类
ReactorThread
原理:将NIO操作分为三个线程集合(Reactormain)workPool、mainReactorThreads、subReactorThreads
workPool为工作线程
mainReactorThreads为分发服务请求线程
subReactorThreads为解析数据线程。
启动服务调用newGroup初始化,将mainReactorThreads、subReactorThreads分别进行初始化,调用initAndRegister将服务通道注册到mainReactorThreads中处理。

package com.reactor;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.channels.SelectableChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;

/**
 * @Description
 * @Auth ydh
 * @Version v1.0
 * @see
 **/
abstract class ReactorThread extends Thread{

    Selector selector;
    LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable> taskQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();

    public abstract void handler(SelectableChannel channel) throws Exception;

    public ReactorThread() throws IOException{
        selector = Selector.open();
    }

    volatile boolean running = false;

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while(running) {
            try {
                Runnable task;
                while ((task = taskQueue.poll()) != null) {
                    task.run();
                }
                selector.select(1000);
                // 获取查询结果
                Set<SelectionKey> selected = selector.selectedKeys();
                // 遍历查询结果
                Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = selected.iterator();
                while (iter.hasNext()) {
                    // 被封装的查询结果
                    SelectionKey key = iter.next();
                    iter.remove();
                    int readyOps = key.readyOps();
                    // 关注 Read 和 Accept两个事件
                    if ((readyOps & (SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT)) != 0 || readyOps == 0) {
                        try {
                            SelectableChannel channel = (SelectableChannel) key.attachment();
                            channel.configureBlocking(false);
                            handler(channel);
                            if (!channel.isOpen()) {
                                key.cancel(); // 如果关闭了,就取消这个KEY的订阅
                            }
                        } catch (Exception ex) {
                            key.cancel(); // 如果有异常,就取消这个KEY的订阅
                        }
                    }
                }
                selector.selectNow();
            }catch (Exception e) {

            }
        }
    }

    public SelectionKey register(SelectableChannel channel) throws  Exception{
        FutureTask<SelectionKey> futureTask = new FutureTask<SelectionKey>(()->channel.register(selector,0, channel));
        taskQueue.add(futureTask);
        return futureTask.get();
    }

    public void doStart() {
        if (!running) {
            running = true;
            start();
        }
    }


}

Reacatormain

package com.reactor;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectableChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

/**
 * @Description
 * @Auth ydh
 * @Version v1.0
 * @see
 **/
public class Reacatormain {

    private static ExecutorService workPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

    private ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel;
    private ReactorThread[] mainReactorThreads = new ReactorThread[1];
    private ReactorThread[] subReactorThreads = new ReactorThread[8];

    public void newGroup() throws IOException {
        for (int i = 0; i < subReactorThreads.length; i++) {
            subReactorThreads[i] = new ReactorThread() {
                @Override
                public void handler(SelectableChannel channel) throws Exception {
                    SocketChannel ch = (SocketChannel) channel;
                    ByteBuffer requestBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                    while (ch.isOpen() && ch.read(requestBuffer) != -1) {
                        if (requestBuffer.position() > 0) break;
                    }
                    if (requestBuffer.position() == 0) return;
                    requestBuffer.flip();
                    byte[] content = new byte[requestBuffer.limit()];
                    requestBuffer.get(content);
                    System.out.println(new String(content));
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "收到数据,来自:" + ch.getRemoteAddress());
                    // TODO 业务操作 数据库、接口...
                    workPool.submit(() -> {
                    });

                    // 响应结果 200
                    String response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" +
                            "Content-Length: 11\r\n\r\n" +
                            "Hello World";
                    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(response.getBytes());
                    while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
                        ch.write(buffer);
                    }
                }

            };
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < mainReactorThreads.length; i++) {
            mainReactorThreads[i] = new ReactorThread() {

                AtomicInteger incr = new AtomicInteger(0);

                @Override
                public void handler(SelectableChannel channel) throws Exception {
                    ServerSocketChannel ch = (ServerSocketChannel) channel;
                    SocketChannel socketChannel = ch.accept();
                    socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
                    int index = incr.getAndIncrement() % subReactorThreads.length;
                    ReactorThread workEventLoop = subReactorThreads[index];
                    workEventLoop.doStart();
                    SelectionKey selectionKey = workEventLoop.register(socketChannel);
                    selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "收到新连接 : " + socketChannel.getRemoteAddress());
                }
            };

        }
    }

    public void initAndRegister() throws  Exception{
        serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        int index = new Random().nextInt(mainReactorThreads.length);
        mainReactorThreads[index].doStart();
        SelectionKey selectionKey = mainReactorThreads[index].register(serverSocketChannel);
        selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
    }

    public void bind() throws IOException {
        //  1、 正式绑定端口,对外服务
        serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));
        System.out.println("启动完成,端口8080");
    }

}

App

package com.reactor;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Description
 * @Auth ydh
 * @Version v1.0
 * @see
 **/
public class App {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Reacatormain reacatormain = new Reacatormain();
        reacatormain.newGroup();
        reacatormain.initAndRegister();
        reacatormain.bind();
    }

}

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