Android 6.0以上系统动态获取权限

我们在使用Android6.0以上的系统做测试的时候会发现这样一个问题：明明在AndroidManifest.xml文件中配置了应用所需要的权限，eg:读取短信，读写SDK，但是APP run上去之后提示没有权限，这样你的一些功能就无法正常的使用。出现这个的原因是，Android6.0以上的系统，有部分权限是危险权限。下面是危险权限和一些常规的权限：

Normal Permissions如下

ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
BROADCAST_STICKY
CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
DISABLE_KEYGUARD
EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
INSTALL_SHORTCUT
INTERNET
KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
NFC
READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
READ_SYNC_STATS
RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
REORDER_TASKS
REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
SET_ALARM
SET_TIME_ZONE
SET_WALLPAPER
SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
TRANSMIT_IR
UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT
USE_FINGERPRINT
VIBRATE
WAKE_LOCK
WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS

Dangerous Permissions:

group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
  permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS

group:android.permission-group.PHONE
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
  permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
  permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
  permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL

group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR

group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
  permission:android.permission.CAMERA

group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
  permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS

group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
  permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO

group:android.permission-group.SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
  permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

以上在dangerous列表里头的权限在使用时得动态获取。值得注意的是，这里有一个分组的概念，比如你的应用，用到了读短信的权限，也用到了大宋短信的权限，但是，如下代码块，这些权限都在group:android.permission-group.SMS组里头，所以动态获取的时候，只需要获取该组里的任意一个。

group:android.permission-group.SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
  permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

Android 代码中动态获取危险权限：

1. 列出你所需要动态获取的权限列表：
   这些权限必须现在AndroidManifest.xml文件中注册

 public class PermissionUtils {

    private static Context mcontext;
    private static PermissionUtils permissionUtils;

    public static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 1001;

    private PermissionUtils(){}

    public static PermissionUtils getInstance(Context context){
        mcontext = context;
        if(permissionUtils == null){
            permissionUtils = new PermissionUtils();
        }
        return permissionUtils;
    }

    /**
     * 需要申请的权限列表
     */
    public static  final String[] BASIC_PERMISSIONS = new String[]{
            Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,
//            Manifest.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE,
//            Manifest.permission.WAKE_LOCK,
//            Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED, //接收开机完成广播的权限
//            Manifest.permission.GET_TASKS,
//            Manifest.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW,  //系统弹出框权限
//            Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, //写SD卡的权限
            Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, //读SD卡的权限
//            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, //获取位置信息的权限
            Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS,
            Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_SMS,
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION  //获取位置信息的权限
    };


    /**
     * 检查是否拥有指定的所有权限
     */
    public boolean checkPermissionAllGranted(String[] permissions) {
        for (String permission : permissions) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(mcontext, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // 只要有一个权限没有被授予, 则直接返回 false
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    public void requesetPermission(String[] permissions){
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) mcontext,permissions,PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
    }

}

1. 在activity的oncreate()方法中去获取：

     //Android 6.0以上的系统动态申请权限
        if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > 22){
            if (!PermissionUtils.getInstance(this).checkPermissionAllGranted(BASIC_PERMISSIONS)){
                PermissionUtils.getInstance(this).requesetPermission(BASIC_PERMISSIONS);
            }
        }

1. 回调中处理

 @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

        if (requestCode == PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE) {
            boolean isAllGranted = true;

            // 判断是否所有的权限都已经授予了
            for (int grant : grantResults) {
                if (grant != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    isAllGranted = false;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (isAllGranted) {
                // 如果所有的权限都授予了, 则执行备份代码
            } else {
                // 弹出对话框告诉用户需要权限的原因, 并引导用户去应用权限管理中手动打开权限按钮
            }
        }
    }