将小文件/图片嵌入html文件中

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-20 20:41:57 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-11-20 20:41:57 发布

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分类专栏： html 文章标签：技能get

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data:image/jpg;base64

大家可能注意到了，网页上有些图片的src或css背景图片的url后面跟了一大串字符，比如：

data:image/jpeg;base64,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

那么这是什么呢？这是Data URI scheme。

Data URI scheme是在RFC2397中定义的，目的是将一些小的数据，直接嵌入到网页中，从而不用再从外部文件载入。比如上面那串字符，其实是一张小图片，将这些字符复制黏贴到火狐的地址栏中并转到，就能看到它了。

在上面的Data URI中，data表示取得数据的协定名称，image/png 是数据类型名称，base64 是数据的编码方法，逗号后面就是这个image/png文件base64编码后的数据。

目前，Data URI scheme支持的类型有：

data:,文本数据

data:text/plain,文本数据

data:text/html,HTML代码

data:text/html;base64,base64编码的HTML代码

data:text/css,CSS代码

data:text/css;base64,base64编码的CSS代码

data:text/javascript,Javascript代码

data:text/javascript;base64,base64编码的Javascript代码

data:image/gif;base64,base64编码的gif图片数据

data:image/png;base64,base64编码的png图片数据

data:image/jpeg;base64,base64编码的jpeg图片数据

data:image/x-icon;base64,base64编码的icon图片数据

base64简单地说，它把一些 8-bit 数据翻译成标准 ASCII 字符，网上有很多免费的base64 编码和解码的工具(如： http://base64.xpcha.com/indexie.php)，在PHP中可以用函数base64_encode() 进行编码，如 echo base64_encode(file_get_contents(‘1.jpg’));

目前，IE8、Firfox、Chrome、Opera浏览器都支持这种小文件嵌入。

举个图片的例子：

网页中一张图片可以这样显示：

<img src="http://i4.bvimg.com/1949/00a51c1dbca912d2.jpg" />

也可以这样显示：

<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" />

把图像文件的内容直接写在了HTML 文件中，

这样做的

好处是，节省了一个HTTP 请求。

坏处是，浏览器不会缓存这种图像。