1.之前在做外部接口的时候,因为都是都有demo示例代码,所以也没太在意使用java发送http请求的内容,无意中发现使用项目中的工具类 HttpUtil发送post请求的时候 出现问题,出现了接口参数为空的情况,因为时间原因随便网上找了个示例代码就在项目中用上了,现在有时间 所以回头看一下问题出在了哪里?首先来看一下代码
package com.bxd.app.util;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class HttpUtil {
*/
/**
* 向指定URL发送GET方法的请求
*
* @param url
* 发送请求的URL
* @param param
* 请求参数,请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
* @return URL 所代表远程资源的响应结果
*/
public static String sendGet(String url, String param) {
String result = "";
BufferedReader in = null;
try {
String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
// 打开和URL之间的连接
URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
// 设置通用的请求属性
connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
// 建立实际的连接
connection.connect();
// 获取所有响应头字段
Map<String, List<String>> map = connection.getHeaderFields();
// 遍历所有的响应头字段
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
System.out.println(key + "--->" + map.get(key));
}
// 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
result += line;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("发送GET请求出现异常!" + e);
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 使用finally块来关闭输入流
finally {
try {
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
} catch (Exception e2) {
e2.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 向指定 URL 发送POST方法的请求
*
* @param url
* 发送请求的 URL
* @param param
* 请求参数,请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
*/
public static String sendPost(String url, String param) {
PrintWriter out = null;
BufferedReader in = null;
String result = "";
try {
URL realUrl = new URL(url);
// 打开和URL之间的连接
URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
// 设置通用的请求属性
conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
// 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
// conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/jason");
//获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
// 发送请求参数
out.print(param);
// flush输出流的缓冲
out.flush();
// 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
result += line;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("发送 POST 请求出现异常!" + e);
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 使用finally块来关闭输出流、输入流
finally {
try {
if (out != null) {
out.close();
}
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String forward_url = "http://localhost:8080/pv_webT/test/forward";
String jsonObject="123";
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("param", jsonObject);
map.put("forward_url", "測試地址");
StringBuilder sc=new StringBuilder();
sc.append("param=").append(jsonObject).append("&").append("forward_url=").append(forward_url);
System.out.println(sc.toString());
System.out.println(sendPost(forward_url, sc.toString()));//采用国网提供的http工具类
}
}
开始的时候找不到原因,后面网上找了一下java使用URLConnection发送post请求的示例代码做了下比较,发现多出来了这conn.setRequestProperty(“Content-Type”, “application/jason”);这个属性,当我加上这个设置后,无论你怎么接口收到的参数都为空,去掉后可以了。刚开始我以为是json设置问题,记得postman里面 应该是application/json的,设置后依然无效,蛋疼。 可能是无意中加上的把,原来调用这个方式的接口 因为不能用了,所以当初怎么调用的 ,能不能通也不得而知了,算了,能用就行了。
总结下:现在使用java调用http的请求 一般分为3中形式,string字段,name=values,map三种形式。下面附上对应的代码
package com.bxd.core.util;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.bxd.core.exception.MessageException;
import jodd.http.HttpRequest;
import jodd.http.HttpResponse;
public final class HttpUtil {
public static String ENCODING = "utf-8";
/**
* 字符编码常量
*/
public enum Encoding{
UTF8("utf-8"),GBK("gbk"),
GB2312("gb2312"),ISO85591("ISO-8859-1");
private String encode;
Encoding(String encode) {
this.encode = encode;
}
public String getEncode(){
return this.encode;
}
public void set(String encode){
this.encode = encode;
}
}
/**
* 发送post请求
* @param url
* @param params 传进来的参数
* @return
*/
public static String post(String url,Map<String, Object> params){
return post(url,params,null);
}
/**
* 发送post请求
* @param url
* @param params 传进来的参数
* @param encodings
* @return
*/
public static String post(String url,Map<String, Object> params,String encodings){
HttpRequest request;
String encoding = ENCODING;
if(StringUtil.isNotEmpty(encodings)){
encoding = encodings;
}
if(params==null || params.isEmpty()){
request = HttpRequest.post(url).charset(encoding);
}
else{
request = HttpRequest.post(url).charset(encoding).form(params);
}
HttpResponse response = request.send();
try {
return new String(response.bodyBytes(), encoding);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
throw new MessageException("字符穿编码格式错误");
}
}
/**
* 带字符串发送
* @param url
* @param params
* @return
*/
public static String post(String url,String params){
return post(url, params, null);
}
/**
* 带字符串发送
* @param url
* @param params
* @param encodings
* @return
*/
public static String post(String url,String params,String encodings){
String encoding = ENCODING;
if(StringUtil.isNotEmpty(encodings)){
encoding = encodings;
}
HttpRequest request;
try {
if(StringUtil.isEmpty(params)){
request = HttpRequest.post(url).charset(encoding);
}
else{
request = HttpRequest.post(url).charset(encoding).bodyText(params);
}
HttpResponse response = request.send();
return new String(response.bodyBytes(), encoding);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
throw new MessageException("字符穿编码格式错误");
}
}
/**
* 发送get请求
* @param url
* @param params 传进来的参数
* @return
*/
public static String get(String url,Map<String, Object> params){
return get(url, params, null);
}
/**
* 发送get请求
* @param url
* @param params
* @param encodings
* @return
*/
public static String get(String url,Map<String, Object> params,String encodings){
String encoding = ENCODING;
if(StringUtil.isNotEmpty(encodings)){
encoding = encodings;
}
HttpRequest request;
if(params==null || params.isEmpty()){
request = HttpRequest.get(url).charset(encoding);
}
else{
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
Iterator<String> iterator = params.keySet().iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()){
String key = iterator.next();
Object value = params.get(key);
String str = "";
if(value!=null){
str = String.valueOf(value);
}
map.put(key, str);
}
request = HttpRequest.get(url).charset(encoding).query(map);
}
HttpResponse response = request.send();
try {
return new String(response.bodyBytes(), encoding);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
throw new MessageException("字符穿编码格式错误");
}
}
/**
* 带字符串发送
* @param url
* @param params
* @return
*/
public static String get(String url,String params){
return get(url, params, null);
}
/**
* 带字符串发送
* @param url
* @param params
* @param encodings
* @return
*/
public static String get(String url,String params,String encodings){
String encoding = ENCODING;
if(StringUtil.isNotEmpty(encodings)){
encoding = encodings;
}
HttpRequest request;
try {
if(StringUtil.isEmpty(params)){
request = HttpRequest.get(url).charset(encoding);
}
else{
request = HttpRequest.get(url).charset(encoding).bodyText(params);
}
HttpResponse response = request.send();
return new String(response.bodyBytes(), encoding);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
throw new MessageException("字符穿编码格式错误");
}
}
}