Java连接Mysql数据库的问题

       前段时间有空闲就尝试了一下使用sharding-jdbc来实现分库分表的功能，在实现的过程中，其他都没有问题后，启动测试代码时却报错：

ERROR pool.DruidDataSource - create connection error, url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/sharding_0?useUnicode=true&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&characterEncoding=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false
com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLNonTransientConnectionException: Could not create connection to database server.
	at sun.reflect.GeneratedConstructorAccessor8.newInstance(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:525)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:411)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.getInstance(Util.java:386)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1015)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:989)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:975)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:920)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:2575)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2311)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:834)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection.<init>(JDBC4Connection.java:47)
	at sun.reflect.GeneratedConstructorAccessor4.newInstance(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:525)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:411)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:416)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:347)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.FilterChainImpl.connection_connect(FilterChainImpl.java:148)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.stat.StatFilter.connection_connect(StatFilter.java:211)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.FilterChainImpl.connection_connect(FilterChainImpl.java:142)
	at com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidAbstractDataSource.createPhysicalConnection(DruidAbstractDataSource.java:1377)
	at com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidAbstractDataSource.createPhysicalConnection(DruidAbstractDataSource.java:1431)
	at com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource$CreateConnectionThread.run(DruidDataSource.java:1863)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getServerCharacterEncoding(ConnectionImpl.java:3286)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendConnectionAttributes(MysqlIO.java:1987)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.proceedHandshakeWithPluggableAuthentication(MysqlIO.java:1913)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.doHandshake(MysqlIO.java:1290)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.coreConnect(ConnectionImpl.java:2493)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:2526)
	... 15 more

      在网上找了半天原因，大多都说是数据源配置有问题，盯着数据源配置了半天，启动还是报错，最后终于在一篇文章中看到说是Mysql版本与驱动包版本不对应所致。

      为了学习sharding-jdbc,我之前在官网下载了最新版的mysql数据库8.0.11，但是我项目中使用的mysql驱动包却是5.1.28，因此我连不上mysql.

       同时，我还看到了mysql8.0.11连接的时候与之前版本有了一些改动：

1.新版本的驱动包中驱动类名改了，由 driverClass="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" 改为driverClass="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver".

2.需要在数据库连接地址中加上时区信息：serverTimezone=GMT%2B8。

3.需要显示ssl连接，即url中的useSSL=false，不然会报警告。

最终的数据库连接如下：

driver="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver";
url="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/sharding_0?useUnicode=true&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useSSL=false";
user="admin";
password="admin";