《JAVA核心技术 卷二》 网络章节
使用Java进行网络编程时,由虚拟机实现了底层复杂的网络协议,Java程序只需要调用Java标准库提供的接口,就可以简单高效地编写网络程序。
- 网络基本概念:
ip地址 = 因特网地址:指用一串数字表示的主机地址
主机地址:
端口号:
套接字(socket):网络软件中的一个抽象概念 ,负责能使该程序内部和外部通信。
- 编写网络客户端连接到服务器:
a.连接到某个端口,输出其收到的信息。
public class SocketTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
//构建连接socket 参数:host + port
//Socket s = new Socket("time-A.timefreq.bldrdoc.gov", 13);
//构建无连接socket,防止构建有连接的socket时超时,而没有设超时时间
Socket s = new Socket();
//连接超时10s
try {
s.connect(new InetSocketAddress("java.sun.com", 80), 10000);
InputStream inSteam = s.getInputStream();
Scanner in = new Scanner(inSteam);
while (in.hasNextLine()) {
String line = in.nextLine();
System.out.println(line);
}
}
finally {
s.close();
}
} catch (SocketTimeoutException er){
er.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
b.使用InetAddress类实现主机地址和因特网地址的转换
public class InetAddressTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
//translate hostname to InetAddress
InetAddress[] addresses = InetAddress.getAllByName("java.sun.com");
for (InetAddress a : addresses){
System.out.println(a);
}
//获取本地因特网地址
InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(localHost);
}
catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
a. 实现单线程服务器
public class MyServer {
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
// build a server by port
ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(8189);
System.out.println("open server");
// wait for client connect
try (Socket incoming = s.accept()) {
InputStream inputStream = incoming.getInputStream();
OutputStream outputStream = incoming.getOutputStream();
// 扫描器
Scanner in = new Scanner(inputStream);
// 写入器
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream, true);
// 输出信息
out.println("Hello, key Bye out");
boolean done = false;
while (!done && in.hasNextLine()) {
// 接收信息
String line = in.nextLine();
out.println("haha," + line);
if (line.trim().equals("Bye"))
done = true;
}
}
} catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
b. 访问单线程服务器
public class SocketTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
//构建连接socket 参数:host + port
//Socket s = new Socket("time-A.timefreq.bldrdoc.gov", 13);
//构建无连接socket,防止构建有连接的socket时超时,而没有设超时时间
//连接超时10s
try (Socket s = new Socket()) {
s.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8189), 10000);
InputStream inSteam = s.getInputStream();
OutputStream outSteam = s.getOutputStream();
Scanner in = new Scanner(inSteam);
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outSteam, true);
while (in.hasNextLine()) {
String line = in.nextLine();
System.out.println(line);
Scanner sysIn = new Scanner(System.in);
out.println(sysIn.next());
}
}
} catch (SocketTimeoutException er){
er.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
c. 实现多线程服务器
public class MyMultiSever {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(8189);
System.out.println("open server");
while(true){
Socket incoming = s.accept();
Runnable r = new ThreadHandled(incoming);
Thread t = new Thread(r);
t.start();
}
} catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class ThreadHandled implements Runnable{
Socket incoming;
ThreadHandled(Socket socket){
incoming = socket;
}
public void run(){
try{
InputStream inputStream = incoming.getInputStream();
OutputStream outputStream = incoming.getOutputStream();
// 扫描器
Scanner in = new Scanner(inputStream);
// 写入器
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream, true);
// 输出信息
out.println("Hello, key Bye out");
boolean done = false;
while (!done && in.hasNextLine()) {
// 接收信息
String line = in.nextLine();
out.println("haha," + line);
if (line.trim().equals("Bye"))
done = true;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
d. 半关闭能力:允许设置shutdownOutput() 或者 shutdownInput() 将输出流或输入流关闭,达到只输入或只输出效果。
e. 可中断套接字
对于套接字链接或者传输数据时,线程可能因套字节无法响应而阻塞,无法通过调用interrupt来解除阻塞,通过SocketChannel处理。
- 发送E-mail
- URL连接(WEB服务)
a. URL和URI:URL 统一资源定位符(uniform resource locator),URI 统一资源标识符(uniform resource identifier)。URI是个纯粹的语法结构,用于指定标识Web资源的字符串的各个部分;URL是URI的一个特例,用于定位Web资源。在java类库中,URI不包含访问资源的方法,唯一作用是解析;URL类可以打开一个到达资源的流。