1、进程和线程的区别
进程:每个进程都有独立的代码和数据空间(进程上下文),进程间的切换会有较大的开销,一个进程包含1--n个线程。
线程:同一类线程共享代码和数据空间,每个线程有独立的运行栈和程序计数器(PC),线程切换开销小。
线程和进程一样分为五个阶段:创建、就绪、运行、阻塞、终止。
多进程是指操作系统能同时运行多个任务(程序)。
多线程是指在同一程序中有多个顺序流在执行。
在java中要想实现多线程,有两种手段,一种是继续Thread类,另外一种是实现Runable接口。
package Threads;
public class MyThread extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.run();
System.out.println("MyThread 调了这个类!");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread myThread=new MyThread();
myThread.start();
}
}
注意:start()方法的调用后并不是立即执行多线程代码,而是使得该线程变为可运行态(Runnable),什么时候运行是由操作系统决定的。
但是start方法重复调用的话,会出现java.lang.IllegalThreadStateException异常。
Thread1 mTh1=new Thread1("A");
Thread1 mTh2=mTh1;
mTh1.start();
mTh2.start();
Runable 接口
package Threads;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class MyTread2 implements Runnable {
private final int sleepTimp;
private final String myTreadName;
private final Random generator=new Random();//随机数
/**
* Runnable 的实质就是控制线程的时间问题
*/
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println("这是一个线程:........."+myTreadName+"..."+sleepTimp);
Thread.sleep(sleepTimp);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {//帮哥 只看不说
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public MyTread2(String name){//构造
myTreadName=name;
sleepTimp=generator.nextInt(5000);
}
/* public MyTread2(String names,int b){
myTreadName=names;
sleepTimp=generator.nextInt(2000);
System.out.println(b);
}*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*Thread thread=new Thread(new MyTread2("我想你"));
thread.start();
Thread thread2=new Thread(new MyTread2("第二个线程启动了", 5));
thread2.start();
*/
MyTread2 myTread2=new MyTread2("1111");
MyTread2 myTread23=new MyTread2("2222");
MyTread2 myTread24=new MyTread2("3333");
ExecutorService executorService=Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
executorService.execute(myTread2);
executorService.execute(myTread23);
executorService.execute(myTread24);
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println(executorService.toString());
}
//private final SimpleArray sharedSimpleArray;
public class SimpleArray {
private int array[];
private int witeIndex=0;
private Random generator =new Random();
public SimpleArray(int size){
array=new int[size];
}
public synchronized void add(int value) throws InterruptedException{
int position=witeIndex;
Thread.sleep(generator.nextInt(200));
array[position]=value;
System.out.println("......."+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+value+" "+position );
witeIndex++;
System.out.println("*******"+witeIndex);
}
public String toString(){
String arrayString="这是同步";
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
arrayString+=array[i]+"";
}
return arrayString;
}
}
}
二、Thread和Runnable的区别
如果一个类继承Thread,则不适合资源共享。但是如果实现了Runable接口的话,则很容易的实现资源共享。