SpringBoot实战（二十九）发送HTTP/HTTPS请求（HttpURLConnection、HttpClient、Okhttp3、RestTemplate）

前言：

• 在日常工作和学习中，有很多地方都需要发送 HTTP/HTTPS 请求，本文介绍了几种常用的实现方式，供大家参考，收藏不迷路。

实现方式一、java.net.HttpURLConnection 实现

1.1 简介

• java.net.HttpURLConnection 是 Java 标准库中用来发送 HTTP 请求和接收 HTTP 响应的类。不需要额外引入任何依赖，即可实现。

HttpURLConnection 预先定义了一些方法，方便开发者自由地控制请求和响应。如：

• setRequestMethod()：设置 GET、POST 等请求方式；
• setRequestProperty()：设置请求参数。
• getResponseCode()：获取请求状态码。
• ……

1.2 示例代码

HttpURLConnectionExample.java

import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
 
public class HttpURLConnectionExample {
   
 
    private static HttpURLConnection con;
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
   
 
        URL url = new URL("https://www.example.com");
        con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        con.setRequestMethod("GET");
 
        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
        String inputLine;
        StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer();
        while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
   
            content.append(inputLine);
        }
        in.close();
        con.disconnect();
 
        System.out.println(content.toString());
    }
}

1.3 执行结果

---

实现方式二、HttpClient 库实现

2.1 简介

• HttpClient 是一个 HTTP 客户端库，提供了向 HTTP 服务器啊发送请求和处理响应的方法。

HttpClient 支持多种请求协议，如 GET、POST 等，并允许开发者自由地设置 请求头、请求参数、连接池 等。HttpClient 还提供了基于线程池地异步请求处理方式。

2.2 Maven依赖

<!-- httpclient -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
	<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- httpclient文件上传需要 -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
	<artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.3 示例代码

HttpClientExample.java

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
 
public class HttpClientExample {
   
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
   
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.example.com");
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
 
        try {
   
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
 
            System.out.println(result);
        } finally {
   
            response.close();
        }
    }
}

2.4 执行结果

可以看到日志中详细打印了 请求信息、响应信息。

2.5 补充：配置文件（选配）

httpclient.properties

# 最大连接数
http_max_total=1000
# 并发数
http_default_max_perRoute=80
# 创建连接的最长时间
http_validate_after_inactivity=5000
# 从连接池中获取到连接的最长时间
http_connection_request_timeout=500
http_connection_timeout=10000
# 数据传输的最长时间
http_socket_timeout=10000
waitTime=30000
idleConTime=3
retryCount=3

2.6 补充：配置类（选配）

import java.security.KeyStore;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

import org.apache.http.HeaderElement;
import org.apache.http.HeaderElementIterator;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustAllStrategy;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeaderElementIterator;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;

@Configuration	//注解--配置类
@PropertySource(value="classpath:/httpClient.properties")
public class HttpClientConfig {
   

    @Value("${http_max_total}")
    private int maxTotal = 800;

    @Value("${http_default_max_perRoute}")
    private int defaultMaxPerRoute = 80;

    @Value("${http_validate_after_inactivity}")
    private int validateAfterInactivity = 1000;

    @Value("${http_connection_request_timeout}")
    private int connectionRequestTimeout = 5000;

    @Value("${http_connection_timeout}")
    private int connectTimeout = 10000;

    @Value("${http_socket_timeout}")
    private int socketTimeout = 20000;

    @Value("${waitTime}")
    private int waitTime = 30000;

    @Value("${idleConTime}")
    private int idleConTime = 3;

    @Value("${retryCount}")
    private int retryCount = 3;

    @Bean
    public PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager createPoolingHttpClientConnectionManager() {
   
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolmanager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
        poolmanager.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
        poolmanager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(defaultMaxPerRoute);
        poolmanager.setValidateAfterInactivity(validateAfterInactivity);
        return poolmanager;
    }

    @Bean
    public CloseableHttpClient createHttpClient(PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolManager) {
   
        HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClientBuilder.create().setConnectionManager(poolManager);
        httpClientBuilder.setKeepAliveStrategy(new ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy() {
   

            @Override
            public long getKeepAliveDuration(HttpResponse response, HttpContext context) {
   
                HeaderElementIterator iterator = new BasicHeaderElementIterator(response.headerIterator(HTTP.CONN_KEEP_ALIVE));
                while (iterator.hasNext()) {
   
                    HeaderElement headerElement = iterator.nextElement();
                    String param = headerElement.getName();
                    String value = headerElement.getValue();
                    if (null != value && param.equalsIgnoreCase("timeout")) {
   
                        return Long.parseLong(value) * 1000;
                    }
                }
                return 30 * 1000;
            }
        });
        httpClientBuilder.setRetryHandler(new DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(retryCount, false));
        return httpClientBuilder.build();
    }

    @Bean
    public SSLContext createSSLContext() throws Exception {
   
        return SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()), new TrustAllStrategy()).build();
    }

    @Bean
    public SSLConnectionSocketFactory createSSLConnectionSocketFactory(SSLContext sslContext) {
   
        return new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext,
                new String[] {
    "TLSv1" },
                null,
                SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getDefaultHostnameVerifier());
    }

    @Bean
    public RequestConfig createRequestConfig() {
   
        return RequestConfig.custom()
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout) 	// 从连接池中取连接的超时时间
                .setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout)						// 连接超时时间
                .setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout)						// 请求超时时间
                .build();
    }
}

2.7 补充：工具类（选配）

HttpClientUtil.java

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.<