例题22

不错的矩阵乘法入门题
构造d*d矩阵

$A= \begin{bmatrix} a_1 & a_2 & a_3 & a_4 & ... & a_d\\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & ... & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & ... & 0\\ & & & ... & & \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & ... & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$F_{n-1}= \begin{bmatrix} f(n-1)\\ f(n-2)\\ f(n-3)\\ ...\\ f(n-d) \end{bmatrix}$

$F_{n}= \begin{bmatrix} f(n)\\ f(n-1)\\ f(n-2)\\ ...\\ f(n-d+1) \end{bmatrix}$

$F_{n}=A \times F_{n-1}$
$F_{n}=A^{n-d} \times F_{d}$

$F_{d}= \begin{bmatrix} f(d)\\ f(d-1)\\ f(d-2)\\ ...\\ f(1) \end{bmatrix}$
矩阵乘法不满足交换律，注意顺序！！！注意不要乘反！！！！！

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;

const int maxn = 20;
typedef long long Matrix[maxn][maxn];
typedef long long Vector[maxn];

int sz, mod;
void matrix_mul(Matrix A, Matrix B, Matrix res) {
  Matrix C;
  memset(C, 0, sizeof(C));
  for(int i = 0; i < sz; i++)
    for(int j = 0; j < sz; j++)
      for(int k = 0; k < sz; k++) C[i][j] = (C[i][j] + A[i][k] * B[k][j]) % mod;
  memcpy(res, C, sizeof(C));
}

void matrix_pow(Matrix A, int n, Matrix res) {
  Matrix a, r;
  memcpy(a, A, sizeof(a));
  memset(r, 0, sizeof(r));
  for(int i = 0; i < sz; i++) r[i][i] = 1;
  while(n) {
    if(n&1) matrix_mul(r, a, r);
    n >>= 1;
    matrix_mul(a, a, a);
  }
  memcpy(res, r, sizeof(r));
}

void transform(Vector d, Matrix A, Vector res) {
  Vector r;
  memset(r, 0, sizeof(r));
  for(int i = 0; i < sz; i++)
    for(int j = 0; j < sz; j++)
      r[j] = (r[j] + d[i] * A[i][j]) % mod;
  memcpy(res, r, sizeof(r));
}

int main() {
  int d, n, m;
  while(cin >> d >> n >> m && d) {
    Matrix A;
    Vector a, f;

    for(int i = 0; i < d; i++) { cin >> a[i]; a[i] %= m; }
    for(int i = d-1; i >= 0; i--) { cin >> f[i]; f[i] %= m; }

    memset(A, 0, sizeof(A));
    for(int i = 0; i < d; i++) A[i][0] = a[i];
    for(int i = 1; i < d; i++) A[i-1][i] = 1;

    sz = d;
    mod = m;
    matrix_pow(A, n-d, A);
    transform(f, A, f);

    cout << f[0] << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}