nginx基本配置

最近因为web项目多点部署，需要用到反向代理，所以选择了现在和apache同样火热的nginx实践了一下，非常庞大的一个工具，还有很多功能等待使用和研究，以下是初步使用的记录过程：
起因：项目最开始使用的是DNS做负载，但是有一个缓存时间的问题，使用阿里云服务器，最低也有10分钟，无法达到高可用的要求。
一.安装：
建议选择编译安装的方式，可以添加其它模块

1、下载新版本，到官网复制下载链接
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.10.tar.gz
2、解压tar -zxvf nginx-1.15.10.tar.gz
3、编译安装
# 进入解压目录：
cd nginx-1.15.10/
# 配置并编译安装nginx：
 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-stream --with-mail=dynamic
ubuntu可能会出现错误：

    ./configure: error: C compiler cc is not found

解决办法为执行：`sudo apt-get -f install`命令。 
该命令的含义是去补全那些缺少的软件。
再安装gcc

    sudo apt-get  install  build-essential  
    安装完可查看版本：
    gcc --version  

sudo make
sudo make install
# 启动nginx：
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#注意：-c 指定配置文件的路径，不加的话，nginx会自动加载默认路径的配置文件，可以通过 -h查看帮助命令。
# 查看nginx进程：
ps -ef|grep nginx

二.配置转发，贴上nginx.conf代码
1.nginx监听的端口不能被占用，http当然是80和https为443
2.注意网上copy的代码可能有空格，会导致配置文件错误
3.access_log logs/host.access.log;开启日志，可以查看访问日志和错误日志
4. add_header backendIP $upstream_addr;
add_header backendCode $upstream_status;
增加实际访问的ip和状态，便于调试查看，实际运行可以隐藏

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
	
   upstream webserver {
	server xx.xxx.xx.xx:443 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=10s;
	server xxx.xx.xxx.xxx:443 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=10s;
   }		
   
   upstream backend.example.com {
	server 	xxx.com:443 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=10s;
	server  xxx.xxx.xx:443 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=10s;
   }

    server {
        listen       443;
        server_name xxxx.xxxxx.xx;
	
	ssl on;
	ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/xxx.pem;
	ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/xxxxx.key;
	ssl_session_timeout 5m;
	ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
	ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!RC4:!DHE;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;


	
        #charset koi8-r;

        access_log  logs/host.access.log;

        location / {
		add_header backendIP $upstream_addr;
		add_header backendCode $upstream_status;
            proxy_pass   https://webserver;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
	
	
	location /eexce {
		add_header backendIP $upstream_addr;
		add_header backendCode $upstream_status;
		proxy_pass https://backend.example.com;
	}
        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
   # server {
   # 	listen 80;
   # 	server_name test.emeet.ai;
   # 	rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
   # }

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}