java8 HashMap桶中链表转红黑树为什么选择数字8？

1.不超过8的时候使用链表因为链表的占用空间比较小

2.超过8之后转为红黑树是因为为了提高查询效率，时间复杂度有链表的O(n)变为O（logN),即以空间换时间

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在JDK8及以后的版本中，HashMap引入了红黑树结构，其底层的数据结构变成了数组+链表或数组+红黑树。添加元素时，若桶中链表个数超过8，链表会转换成红黑树。 翻了一下HashMap的源码，发现其源码中有这样一段注释：

Because TreeNodes are about twice the size of regular nodes, we use them only when bins contain enough nodes to warrant use (see TREEIFY_THRESHOLD). And when they become too small (due to removal or resizing) they are converted back to plain bins. In usages with well-distributed user hashCodes, tree bins are

rarely used. Ideally, under random hashCodes, the frequency of nodes in bins follows a Poisson distribution (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution) with a parameter of about 0.5 on average for the default resizing threshold of 0.75, although with a large variance because of resizing granularity. Ignoring variance, the expected occurrences of list size k are (exp(-pow(0.5, k) / factorial(k)). The first values are:

0: 0.60653066

1: 0.30326533

2: 0.07581633

3: 0.01263606

4: 0.00157952

5: 0.00015795

6: 0.00001316

7: 0.00000094

8: 0.00000006

more: less than 1 in ten million

翻译过来大概的意思是：理想情况下使用随机的哈希码，容器中节点分布在hash桶中的频率遵循泊松分布(具体可以查看http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution)，按照泊松分布的计算公式计算出了桶中元素个数和概率的对照表，可以看到链表中元素个数为8时的概率已经非常小，再多的就更少了，所以原作者在选择链表元素个数时选择了8，是根据概率统计而选择的。