句柄的封装

C++中使用C的句柄之类的对象可通过封装成类的方式管理创建与释放逻辑，以达到管理和简化的目的。

class AutoHandle
{
	public:
		AutoHandle() throw();
		AutoHandle( AutoHandle& h ) throw();
		explicit AutoHandle( HANDLE h ) throw();
		~AutoHandle() throw();

		AutoHandle& operator=( AutoHandle& h ) throw();

		operator HANDLE() const throw();

		// Attach to an existing handle (takes ownership).
		void Attach( HANDLE h ) throw();
		// Detach the handle from the object (releases ownership).
		HANDLE Detach() throw();

		// Close the handle.
		void Close() throw();

	public:
		HANDLE m_h;
};

	inline AutoHandle::AutoHandle() throw() :
		m_h( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
	{
	}

	inline AutoHandle::AutoHandle( AutoHandle& h ) throw() :
		m_h( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
	{
		Attach( h.Detach() );
	}

	inline AutoHandle::AutoHandle( HANDLE h ) throw() :
		m_h( h )
	{
	}

	inline AutoHandle::~AutoHandle() throw()
	{
		if( m_h != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
		{
			Close();
		}
	}

	inline AutoHandle& AutoHandle::operator=( AutoHandle& h ) throw()
	{
		if( this != &h )
		{
			if( m_h != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
			{
				Close();
			}
			Attach( h.Detach() );
		}

		return( *this );
	}

	inline AutoHandle::operator HANDLE() const throw()
	{
		return( m_h );
	}

	inline void AutoHandle::Attach( HANDLE h ) throw()
	{
		m_h = h;  // Take ownership
	}

	inline HANDLE AutoHandle::Detach() throw()
	{
		HANDLE h;

		h = m_h;  // Release ownership
		m_h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;

		return( h );
	}

	inline void AutoHandle::Close() throw()
	{
		if( m_h != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
		{
			::CloseHandle( m_h );
			m_h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
		}
	}