第八周

1 显示统计占用系统内存最多的进程，并排序。

[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | sort -k4nr | head
mysql      1916  0.0  8.6 968916 86548 ?        Sl   Aug01   0:20 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log --pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root        918  0.0  1.7 574300 17468 ?        Ssl  Aug01   0:05 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
root        927  0.0  1.5 1004320 15824 ?       Ssl  Aug01   0:00 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
polkitd     569  0.0  1.4 614436 14356 ?        Ssl  Aug01   0:00 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug
root       1543  0.0  0.6 163620  6136 ?        Ss   Aug01   0:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root        560  0.0  0.6  99696  6080 ?        Ss   Aug01   0:00 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s
root        574  0.0  0.6 324596  6780 ?        Ssl  Aug01   0:41 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd
root      60566  0.0  0.6 163620  6140 ?        Ss   00:47   0:00 sshd: root@pts/1
root        575  0.0  0.5 228180  5652 ?        Ss   Aug01   0:00 /usr/sbin/abrtd -d -s
root        615  0.0  0.5 430616  5496 ?        Ssl  Aug01   0:00 /usr/sbin/ModemManager

2 编写脚本，使用for和while分别实现192.168.0.0/24网段内，地址是否能够ping通，若ping通则输出“success！”，若ping不通则输出“fail！”。

[root@localhost ~]# vim ping_for.sh
#!/bin/bash
NETID=192.168.0.
for HOSTID in {1..254};do
{
	if /bin/ping -c1 -W1 $NETID$HOSTID > /dev/null; then
		echo "$NETID$HOSTID is up. success!"
	else
		echo "$NETID$HOSTID is down. fail!"
	fi
} &
done
wait
[root@localhost ~]# ./ping_for.sh 
192.168.0.66 is down. fail!
192.168.0.69 is down. fail!
192.168.0.68 is down. fail!
...

[root@localhost ~]# vim ping_while.sh 
#!/bin/bash
NETID=192.168.0.
HOSTID=1
while [ $HOSTID -lt 255 ];do
{
    if /bin/ping -c1 -W1 $NETID$HOSTID > /dev/null; then
        echo "$NETID$HOSTID is up. success!"
    else
        echo "$NETID$HOSTID is down. fail!"
    fi
    let HOSTID=${HOSTID}+1
} 
done
[root@localhost ~]# ./ping_while.sh 
192.168.0.1 is down. fail!
192.168.0.2 is down. fail!
192.168.0.3 is down. fail!
...

3 每周的工作日1:30，将/etc备份至/backup目录中，保存的文件名称格式为“etcbak-yyyy-mm-dd-HH.tar.xz”，其中日期是前一天的时间。

[root@localhost ~]# vim backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
[ -d /backup ] || mkdir /backup
DATE=`date -d yesterday "+%Y-%m-%d-%H"`
tar -Jcf /backup/etcbak-$DATE.tar.xz /etc &> /dev/null 
[root@localhost ~]# chmod a+x backup.sh
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/crontab
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=root

# For details see man 4 crontabs

# Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# |  |  |  |  |
# *  *  *  *  * user-name  command to be executed
30 1 * * 1-5 root /root/backup.sh

4 工作日时间，每10分钟执行一次磁盘空间检查，一旦发现任何分区利用率高于80%，就发送邮件报警。

[root@localhost ~]# vim disk_check.sh
#!/bin/bash
MAX_USAGE_RATE=`df -h | sed -nr '/sda/s/^.* ([0-9]+)%.*/\1/p' | sort -nr | head -1`
MAX_PARTITION_NAME=`df -h | grep $MAX_USAGE_RATE% | cut -d" " -f1`
if [ $MAX_USAGE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then
    echo "Warning!$MAX_PARTITION_NAME used $MAX_USAGE_RATE% space!" | mail -s Warning root
fi
[root@localhost ~]# chmod a+x disk_check.sh
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/crontab
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=root

# For details see man 4 crontabs

# Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# |  |  |  |  |
# *  *  *  *  * user-name  command to be executed
*/10 * * * 1-5 root /root/disk_check.sh &> /dev/null