WebSocket
Http是无状态的,浏览器每次请求,都是创建一个新连接,传输完毕即断开。双方并不能感知对方的状态。
而WebSocket是长连接,一次TCP握手,即可建立持久性的连接,并且双方能感知到对方的状态。
核心代码:
// 因为基于http,所以要添加http编码和解码器
pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
// 以块的方式写,添加ChunkedWriteHandler
pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
// http数据传输过程中是分段的
// HttpObjectAggregator将多个段聚合起来
pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(4096));
// WebSocket以帧的方式传递(frame)
// 指定webSocketPath 对应浏览器地址ws://localhost/hello
// 将http协议升级为WebSocket协议,保持长连接
pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/hello"));
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HttpServerCodec :Http编码和解码器
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ChunkedWriteHandler :以块的方式写数据
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HttpObjectAggregator(4096) :将多个段聚合起来,最大长度4096
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WebSocketServerProtocolHandler :将http协议升级为WebSocket协议,通过状态码101切换的。101(switch protocols)。构造方法参数是ws的路径
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WebSocket传输数据以frame(帧)的形式传递:
WebSocketFrame:
附代码
Server
NioEventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
NioEventLoopGroup workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try{
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup,workGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws