public Class<?> loadClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
return loadClass(name, false);
}
protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException {
synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name); //先从自己的缓存中看是否已经加载了该类
if (c == null) {
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
try {
if (parent != null) { //递归调用,parent为当前类加载器的父类加载器
c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
} else {
c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
if (c == null) {
long t1 = System.nanoTime();
c = findClass(name);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
}
}
if (resolve) {
resolveClass(c);
}
return c;
}
}
sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader父类是URLClassLoader,父加载器是ExtClassLoader
//自己定义了一个类
package java.lang;
public class String {
public static void main(String[] args) {
}
}
直接运行main方法,报错如下:
错误: 在类 java.lang.String 中找不到 main 方法, 请将 main 方法定义为:
public static void main(String[] args)
否则 JavaFX 应用程序类必须扩展javafx.application.Application
如果我们在classpath路径下自定义一个名为java.lang.SingleInterge类(该类是胡编的)呢?该类并不存在java.lang中,经过双亲委托模式,传递到启动类加载器中,由于父类加载器路径下并没有该类,所以不会加载,将反向委托给子类加载器加载,最终会通过系统类加载器加载该类。但是这样做是不允许,因为java.lang是核心API包,需要访问权限,强制加载将会报出如下异常java.lang.SecurityException: Prohibited package name: java.lang
自定义类加载器
public class TestCustomClassLoader {
private static class CusClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CusClassLoader ccl = new CusClassLoader(); //自定义类加载器的父加载器是AppClassLoader
System.out.println(ccl.getParent());
}
}
public class TestCustomClassLoader2 {
private static class CusClassLoader2 extends ClassLoader {
private String path;
private CusClassLoader2(String path) {
this.path = path;
}
@Override
protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
return super.findClass(name);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//因为自定义类加载没有重写loadClass,所以还是遵从双亲委派机制加载指定class
//CustomClassLoader -> AppClassLoader -> ExtClassLoader -> BootstrapClasLoader
CusClassLoader2 ccl = new CusClassLoader2("d:/ccl");
try {
//String.class第一次是由BootstrapClassLoader加载的
Class<?> clazz = ccl.loadClass("java.lang.String");
System.out.println(clazz.getClassLoader()); // null
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class TestCustomClassLoader3 {
private static class CusClassLoader3 extends ClassLoader {
private String path;
private CusClassLoader3(String path) {
this.path = path;
}
//URLClassLoader中提供了默认实现
@Override
protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
byte[] data = new byte[0];
try {
data = loadByte(name);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return defineClass(name, data, 0, data.length);
}
private byte[] loadByte(String name) throws Exception {
name = name.replaceAll("\\.", "/");
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(path + "/" + name + ".class");
int len = fis.available();
byte[] data = new byte[len];
fis.read(data);
fis.close();
return data;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CusClassLoader3 ccl = new CusClassLoader3("d:/ccl");
try {
//遵从双亲委派机制加载指定class
//先从cus中执行本地方法findLoadedClass0()找,因为是第一次加载test.User,没找到
//就从app中执行本地方法findLoadedClass0()找,因为是第一次加载test.User,没找到
//就从ext中执行本地方法findLoadedClass0()找,因为是第一次加载test.User,没找到
//就从bootstrap中执行本地方法findLoadedClass0()找,因为是第一次加载test.User,没找到,尝试执行URLClassLoader.findClass()中找,如果找到直接返回
//如果没找到,就返回到ext中,尝试执行URLClassLoader.findClass()中找,如果找到直接返回
//如果没找到,就返回到app中,尝试执行URLClassLoader.findClass()中找,如果找到直接返回
//如果没找到,就返回到cus中,尝试执行URLClassLoader.findClass()中找,如果找到直接返回
//如果User.class被哪个加载器加载的,User.class.getClassLoader就是该加载器
Class<?> clazz = ccl.loadClass("test.User");
System.out.println(clazz);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}