Java学习记录八 Servlet

Servlet 的快速入门

添加jar包依赖
在 tomcat10以后使用的是jakarta这个包

<dependency>
  <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
  <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.0</version>
</dependency>

在tomcat10以前是用的javax这个包

<dependency>
  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
  <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
  <version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>

实现Servlet接口

public class Demo1 implements Servlet

@Override
public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
    System.out.println("hello servlet");
}

修改tomcat

添加web.xml 配置

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>demo1</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>wy.Demo1</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>demo1</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/demo1</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

启动访问

http://localhost:8080/use_servlet/demo1

查看控制台打印信息

Servlet 的生命周期

三个生命周期方法

public class Demo1 implements Servlet {

    /**
     * 在servlet被创建时执行，只会执行一次
     * 默认情况下是第一次访问的时候，也可以在配置文件中修改
     * @param servletConfig
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 提供服务的方法
     * 每次访问都会执行
     * @param servletRequest
     * @param servletResponse
     * @throws ServletException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("hello servlet");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 销毁方法
     * 在servlet被关闭时执行
     * 服务器正常关闭时候执行
     */
    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

修改servlet的访问时间
在servlet标签下新增

<!--    值为负数时,在第一次访问的时候创建-->
<!--    值为0或者正数时在服务启动的时候创建-->
<load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>

Servlet 注解配置

参数使用参考配置

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/demo2")

Servlet 的结构

HttpServlet > GenericServlet > Servlet

GenericServlet抽象类 封装了Servlet ，使用者只需要实现其service方法即可

public class Demo3 extends GenericServlet 

HttpServlet 基于Http请求响应封装的

@WebServlet("/demo4")
public class Demo4 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("执行了get");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("执行了post");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPut(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("执行了put");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doDelete(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("执行了delete");
    }
}

取值

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 获取单个值 name = "zhangsan"
        String name= req.getParameter("name");
        System.out.println(name);
        // 获取名称下的值集合  name = "zhangsan"&name = "lisi"
        String[] names= req.getParameterValues("name");
        for (String item:names) {
            System.out.println(item);
        }
		// 取出所有的键值
		Map<String,String[]> map= req.getParameterMap();
		for (String key: map.keySet()) {
		    for (String item: map.get(key)) {
		        System.out.println(item);
		    }
		}
    }

中文乱码的问题

req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

请求转发

System.out.println("demo4请求.....");
req.getRequestDispatcher("/demo3").forward(req,resp);

传值

@Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo4请求.....");
        req.setAttribute("msg","hello demo3");
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/demo3").forward(req,resp);
    }

@WebServlet("/demo3")
public class Demo3 extends GenericServlet {
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String msg = (String) servletRequest.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println("接收到数据："+msg);
    }
}

工具类的简单使用
导入mvn配置依赖

<dependency>
      <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.3</version>
</dependency>

BeanUtils 批量设置属性值

User user= new User();
BeanUtils.populate(user,req.getParameterMap());
System.out.println(user.name);

响应

重定向

resp.sendRedirect("http://www.baidu.com");

设置编码 响应输出字符数据

resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();
pw.write("hello 你好");

输出字节数据

resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("hello 你好111".getBytes());

获取应用程序根目录

ServletContext context =  this.getServletContext();
System.out.println(context.getRealPath("/"));

文件下载及解决文件中文乱码问题

ServletContext context =  this.getServletContext();
        String fileName = "哈哈.txt";
        resp.setHeader("content-type","txt");
        //获得请求头中的User-Agent
        String agent = req.getHeader("User-Agent");
        //根据不同浏览器进行不同的编码
        String fileNameEncoder = "";
        if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
            // IE浏览器
            fileNameEncoder = URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "utf-8");
            fileNameEncoder = fileNameEncoder.replace("+", " ");
        } else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
            // 火狐浏览器
            BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
            fileNameEncoder = "=?utf-8?B?" + base64Encoder.encode(fileName.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
        } else {
            // 其它浏览器
            fileNameEncoder = URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "utf-8");
        }

        resp.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+fileNameEncoder);
        String realPath = context.getRealPath("/");
        String filePath = realPath+"../resources/a.txt";
        System.out.println(filePath);
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
        ServletOutputStream servletOutputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;
        while ((len=fileInputStream.read(buff))!=-1){
            servletOutputStream.write(buff,0,len);
        }