Android中常用的跨进程通信方法有以下几种:
Intent、Binder、AIDL、Messenger、ContentProvider。
Intent
可以通过Intent传递数据和消息,但是只能传递一些简单的数据类型,比如字符串、整数等。
示例:
- 从一个应用程序发送一个字符串到另一个应用程序,例如:
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.example.app1", "com.example.app2.MainActivity"));
intent.putExtra("key", "value");
startActivity(intent);
- 从一个服务发送一个自定义类的对象到另一个服务,例如:
IMyAidlInterface myService = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(serviceConnection);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putParcelable("key", myObject);
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.example.app1", "com.example.app2.MyService"));
intent.putExtras(bundle);
sendBroadcast(intent);
Binder
是Android系统中的跨进程通信机制,它可以传递任意类型的对象,包括自定义类的对象。
示例:
- 在一个服务中创建一个对象,并将其绑定到另一个服务的Binder接口上,例如:
public class MyService extends Service {
private final IMyAidlInterface.Stub mBinder = new IMyAidlInterface.Stub() {
@Override
public String getMessage() throws RemoteException {
return "Hello from MyService";
}
};
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
}
}
- 在客户端应用程序中绑定到服务并调用其方法,例如:
IMyAidlInterface myService = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
MyAidlInterface myAidlInterface = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service);
try {
String message = myAidlInterface.getMessage();
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.example.app1", "com.example.app2"));
bindService(intent, connection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
AIDL
是Android系统中的一种接口描述语言,用于定义服务端和客户端之间的接口。
示例同上。
Messenger
是一种轻量级的通信方式,可以在不同的进程之间传递消息。
示例:
- 在服务端创建一个Handler对象,并将其封装到一个Binder对象中,例如:
public class MyService extends Service {
private final IMyAidlInterface.Stub mBinder = new IMyAidlInterface.Stub() {
@Override
public String getMessage() throws RemoteException {
return "Hello from MyService";
}
};
private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Bundle bundle = msg.getData();
String message = bundle.getString("message");
Log.d(TAG, "Received message: " + message);
}
};
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
}
}
- 在客户端应用程序中绑定到服务并调用其方法,例如:
IMyAidlInterface myService = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
MyAidlInterface myAidlInterface = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service);
try {
Message message = Message.obtain(null, 0, null, myAidlInterface.getMessage());
myService.mHandler.sendMessage(message);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.example.app1", "com.example.app2"));
bindService(intent, connection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
ContentProvider
是一种特殊的IContentObserver,用于在不同的应用程序之间共享数据。
以下是一个简单的示例:在主进程中创建一个ContentProvider,然后在子进程中通过ContentResolver访问这个ContentProvider来获取数据。
// 在主进程中注册ContentProvider
public class MyApplication extends Application {
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
ContentProvider myContentProvider = new MyContentProvider();
registerContentProvider(myContentProvider);
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return 0;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return 0;
}
}
// 在子进程中通过ContentResolver访问ContentProvider获取数据
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
private static final String AUTHORITY = "com.example.myapp.provider";
private static final Uri BASE_CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY);
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(BASE_CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, null);
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
// TODO: Do something with the data in the cursor.
}
cursor.close();
}
}