windows工作机理

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-13 20:23:20 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-09-13 20:23:20 发布

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分类专栏： Windows程序

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33564134/article/details/94462777

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文章目录

进程

windows下运行的进程分为两个部分:

内核对象,操作系统用它来管理进程.
地址空间,包含可执行文件或者dll模块的代码和数据,还包含动态内存分配.

//GetModuleHandle()返回主线程的基地址

#include "stdafx.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<windows.h>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::cin;
void usage()
{
   
	HMODULE hModule = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
	cout << "with GetModuleHandle(NULL)=0x" << std::oct<< hModule << endl;
	hModule = NULL;
	GetModuleHandleEx(GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS,(PCTSTR)usage,&hModule);
	cout << "with GetModuleHandleEx=0x" << std::oct << hModule << endl;

}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
   
	usage();
	return 0;
}

//result:
//with GetModuleHandle(NULL)=0x01230000
//with GetModuleHandleEx=0x01230000


//CommandLineToArgvW()返回一个字符串的指针数组的地址,很多运用不会释放这块内存

#include "stdafx.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<windows.h>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::cin;
void usage()
{
   
	int nNumberArgs;
	PWSTR *ppArgv=CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), &nNumberArgs);//参数:命令行的缓冲区的地址,命令行参数的个数
	if (ppArgv[1] == L"x"){
    cout << "hello" << endl; }
	HeapFree(GetProcessHeap, 0, ppArgv);//释放内存块

}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
   
	usage();
	return 0;
}

进程的环境变量

访问进程块的方式
输出全部的环境变量


//GetEnvironmentStrings()获取环境不按量的地址快

#include "stdafx.h"
#include<strsafe.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream>
using std::wcout;
void DumpEnvStrings() {
   
	//1.换的环境变量块
	PTSTR pEnvBlock = GetEnvironmentStrings();
	TCHAR szName[MAX_PATH];
	TCHAR szValue[MAX_PATH];
	PTSTR pszCurrent = pEnvBlock;
	HRESULT hr = S_OK;
	PCTSTR pszPos = NULL;
	int current = 0;
	//2.输出环境变量
	while (pszCurrent != NULL) {
   
		if (*pszCurrent != TEXT('=')) {
   //存在 =::=::\这类的环境变量
			pszPos = _tcschr(pszCurrent, TEXT('='));
			pszPos++;
			size_t cbNameLength = (size_t)pszPos - (size_t)pszCurrent - sizeof(TCHAR);
			hr = StringCbCopyN(szName, MAX_PATH, pszCurrent, cbNameLength);
			if (FAILED(hr)) {
   
				break;
			}
			hr = StringCchCopyN(szValue, MAX_PATH, pszPos, _tcslen(pszPos) + 1);
			if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
   
				_tprintf(TEXT("[%u] %s=%s\r\n"), current, szName, szValue);
			}
			else // something wrong happened; check for truncation.
			if (hr == STRSAFE_E_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
   
				_tprintf(TEXT("[%u] %s=%s...\r\n"), current, szName, szValue);
			}
			else {
    // This should never occur.
				_tprintf(
					TEXT("[%u] %s=???\r\n"), current, szName
					);
				break;
			}
		}
		else {
   
			_tprintf(TEXT("[%u] %s\r\n"), current, pszCurrent);
		}
		current++;
		while (*pszCurrent != TEXT('\0'))
			pszCurrent++;
		pszCurrent++;
		if (*pszCurrent == TEXT('\0'))
			break;
	};
	//3.释放环境变量块
	FreeEnvironmentStrings(pEnvBlock);
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
   
	DumpEnvStrings();
	return 0;
}

获取特定的环境变量


//GetEnvironmentVariable(PCTSTR pszVariableName,PTSTR pszValue,0)
//获取环境变量的值

#include "stdafx.h"
#include<strsafe.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream>
using std::wcout;
void PrintEnvironmentVariable(PCTSTR pszVariableName) {
   
	PTSTR pszValue = NULL; // Get the size of the buffer that is required to store the value
	DWORD dwResult = GetEnvironmentVariable(pszVariableName, pszValue, 0);
	if(dwResult != 0) 
	{
   
		// Allocate the buffer to store the environment variable value 
		DWORD size = dwResult * sizeof(TCHAR);
		pszValue = (PTSTR)malloc(size);
		GetEnvironmentVariable(pszVariableName, pszValue, size);
		_tprintf(TEXT("%s=%s\n"), pszVariableName, pszValue); free(pszValue); 
	}
	else
	{
    
		_tprintf(TEXT("'%s'=<unknown value>\n"), pszVariableName); 
	}
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
   
	PrintEnvironmentVariable(L"USERPROFILE");
	return 0;
}

特定的字符,比如%USER%的查看


/*
DWORD ExpandEnvironmentStrings( PTCSTR pszSrc, PTSTR pszDst, DWORD chSize); 字符串的替代,好比%USER%\Document
==c:/xx/Document
*/

#include "stdafx.h"
#include<strsafe.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream>
using std::wcout;
void usage()
{
   
	DWORD chValue =
		ExpandEnvironmentStrings(TEXT("PATH='%PATH%'"), NULL, 0);
	PTSTR pszBuffer = new TCHAR[chValue];
	chValue = ExpandEnvironmentStrings(TEXT("PATH='%PATH%'"), pszBuffer, chValue);
	_tprintf(TEXT("%s\r\n"), pszBuffer);
	delete[] pszBuffer;
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
   
	usage();
	return 0;
}

设置环境变量


/*
BOOL SetEnvironmentVariable( PCTSTR pszName, PCTSTR pszValue);设置环境变量,如果""就会删除环境变量
*/

#include "stdafx.h"
#include<strsafe.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream>
using std::wcout;
void PrintEnvironmentVariable(PCTSTR pszVariableName) {
   
	PTSTR pszValue = NULL; // Get the size of the buffer that is required to store the value
	DWORD dwResult = GetEnvironmentVariable(pszVariableName, pszValue, 0);
	if (dwResult != 0)
	{
   
		// Allocate the buffer to store the environment variable value 
		DWORD size = dwResult * sizeof(TCHAR);
		pszValue = (PTSTR)malloc(size);
		GetEnvironmentVariable(pszVariableName, pszValue, size);
		_tprintf(TEXT("%s=%s\n"), pszVariableName, pszValue); free(pszValue);
	}
	else
	{
   
		_tprintf(TEXT("'%s'=<unknown value>\n"), pszVariableName);
	}
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
   
	if (SetEnvironmentVariable(L"name", L"zylg"))
	{
   
		std::cout << "环境变量设置成功\n";
	}
	PrintEnvironmentVariable(L"name");
	return 0;
}

进程目录及系统版本

进程的错误模式
UINT SetErrorMode(UINT fuErrorMode);

SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS
SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX
SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX
SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT

进程所在的驱动器和目录

DWORD GetCurrentDirectory( DWORD cchCurDir, PTSTR pszCurDir);
BOOL SetCurrentDirectory(PCTSTR pszCurDir);
在这里插入图片描述


/*
BOOL GetCurrentDirectory(len,buf)//获取进程的当前的目录,参数1是字符串的长度,参数2,存取字符串的变量
BOOL SetCurrentDirectory(L"E:/");//是指把进程的当前路径换成：E:/ 
*/

#include "stdafx.h"
#include<strsafe.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream>
using std::wcout;
#define BUFSIZE MAX_PATH

void usage()
{
   
	TCHAR Buffer[BUFSIZE];
	DWORD dwRet;
	dwRet = GetCurrentDirectory(BUFSIZE, Buffer);
	if (dwRet == 0)
	{
   
		_tprintf(L"GetCurrentDirectory failed (%d)", GetLastError());
		return ;
	}
	else if (dwRet > BUFSIZE) //如果超过了最大字符数，则提示越界，MAX_PATH 是260
	{
   
		_tprintf(L"GetCurrentDirectory failed (buffer too small,need %d chars)\n", dwRet);
		return ;
	}
	else
	{
   
		_tprintf(L"current directory is :%s\r\n", Buffer);
	}
	SetCurrentDirectory(L"E:/");//是指把进程的当前路径换成：E:/   

	dwRet = GetCurrentDirectory(BUFSIZE, Buffer);
	_tprintf(L"current directory is :%s\r\n", Buffer);
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
   
	usage();
	return 0;
}

在这里插入图片描述


/*
GetFullPathName(TEXT("C:"), MAX_PATH, szCurDir, NULL);获取c驱动器的当前目录
*/

#include "stdafx.h"
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream>
using std::wcout;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
   
	TCHAR szCurDir[MAX_PATH]; 
	DWORD cchLength = GetFullPathName(TEXT("C:"), MAX_PATH, szCurDir, NULL);
	_tprintf(L"current directory is :%s\r\n", szCurDir);
	return 0;