在scanf.c文件中,可以看到scanf函数,代码如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include "loc_incl.h"
int scanf(const char *format, ...)
{
va_list ap;
int retval;
va_start(ap, format);
retval = _doscan(stdin, format, ap);
va_end(ap);
return retval;
}
对于va_list、va_start、va_end等在stdarg.h头文件中定义的宏,都已经在(stdarg.h头文件源代码分析)一文中介绍过。
在上述代码中我们可以看到有一个_doscan函数,而这一函数在头文件loc_incl.h中定义,函数声明如下:
int _doscan(FILE * stream, const char *format, va_list ap);
_doscan函数的实现源代码如下:
int
_doscan(register FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list ap)
{
int done = 0; /* number of items done */
int nrchars = 0; /* number of characters read */
int conv = 0; /* # of conversions */
int base; /* conversion base */
unsigned long val; /* an integer value */
register char *str; /* temporary pointer */
char *tmp_string; /* ditto */
unsigned width = 0; /* width of field */
int flags; /* some flags */
int reverse; /* reverse the checking in [...] */
int kind;
register int ic = EOF; /* the input character */
#ifndef NOFLOAT
long double ld_val;
#endif
if (!*format) return 0;
while (1) {
if (isspace(*format)) {
while (isspace(*format))
format++; /* skip whitespace */
ic = getc(stream);
nrchars++;
while (isspace (ic)) {
ic = getc(stream);
nrchars++;
}
if (ic != EOF) ungetc(ic,stream);
nrchars--;
}
if (!*format) break; /* end of format */
if (*format != '%') {
ic = getc(stream);
nrchars++;
if (ic != *format++) break; /* error */
continue;
}
format++;
if (*format == '%') {
ic = getc(stream);
nrchars++;
if (ic == '%') {
format++;
continue;
}
else break;
}
flags = 0;
if (*format == '*') {
format++;
flags |= FL_NOASSIGN;
}
if (isdigit (*format)) {
flags |= FL_WIDTHSPEC;
for (width = 0; isdigit (*format);)
width = width * 10 + *format++ - '0';
}
switch (*format) {
case 'h': flags |= FL_SHORT; format++; break;
case 'l': flags |= FL_LONG; format++; break;
case 'L': flags |= FL_LONGDOUBLE; format++; break;
}
kind = *format;
if ((kind != 'c') && (kind != '[') && (kind != 'n')) {
do {
ic = getc(stream);
nrchars++;
} while (isspace(ic));
if (ic == EOF) break; /* outer while */
} else if (kind != 'n') { /* %c or %[ */
ic = getc(stream);
if (ic == EOF) break; /* outer while */
nrchars++;
}
switch (kind) {
default:
/* not recognized, like %q */
return conv || (ic != EOF) ? done : EOF;
break;
case 'n':
if (!(flags & FL_NOASSIGN)) { /* silly, though */
if (flags & FL_SHORT)
*va_arg(ap, short *) = (short) nrchars;
else if (flags & FL_LONG)
*va_arg(ap, long *) = (long) nrchars;
else
*va_arg(ap, int *) = (int) nrchars;
}
break;
case 'p': /* pointer */
set_pointer(flags);
/* fallthrough */
case 'b': /* binary */
case 'd': /* decimal */
case 'i': /* general integer */
case 'o': /* octal */
case 'u': /* unsigned */
case 'x': /* hexadecimal */
case 'X': /* ditto */
if (!(flags & FL_WIDTHSPEC) || width > NUMLEN)
width = NUMLEN;
if (!width) return done;
str = o_collect(ic, stream, kind, width, &base);
if (str < inp_buf
|| (str == inp_buf
&& (*str == '-'
|| *str == '+'))) return done;
/*
* Although the length of the number is str-inp_buf+1
* we don't add the 1 since we counted it already
*/
nrchars += str - inp_buf;
if (!(flags & FL_NOASSIGN)) {
if (kind == 'd' || kind == 'i')
val = strtol(inp_buf, &tmp_string, base);
else
val = strtoul(inp_buf, &tmp_string, base);
if (flags & FL_LONG)
*va_arg(ap, unsigned long *) = (unsigned long) val;
else if (flags & FL_SHORT)
*va_arg(ap, unsigned short *) = (unsigned short) val;
else
*va_arg(ap, unsigned *) = (unsigned) val;
}
break;
case 'c':
if (!(flags & FL_WIDTHSPEC))
width = 1;
if (!(flags & FL_NOASSIGN))
str = va_arg(ap, char *);
if (!width) return done;
while (width && ic != EOF) {
if (!(flags & FL_NOASSIGN))
*str++ = (char) ic;
if (--width) {
ic = getc(stream);
nrchars++;
}
}
if (width) {
if (ic != EOF) ungetc(ic,stream);
nrchars--;
}
break;
case 's':
if (!(flags & FL_WIDTHSPEC))
width = 0xffff;
if (!(flags & FL_NOASSIGN))
str = va_arg(ap, char *);
if (!width) return done;
while (width && ic != EOF && !isspace(ic)) {
if (!(flags & FL_NOASSIGN))
*str++ = (char) ic;
if (--width) {
ic = getc(stream);
nrchars++;
}
}
/* terminate the string */
if (!(flags & FL_NOASSIGN))
*str = '\0';
if (width) {
if (ic != EOF) ungetc(ic,stream);
nrchars--;
}
break;
case '[':
if (!(flags & FL_WIDTHSPEC))
width = 0xffff;
if (!width) return done;
if ( *++format == '^' ) {
reverse = 1;
format++;
} else
reverse = 0;
for (str = Xtable; str < &Xtable[NR_CHARS]
; str++)
*str = 0;
if (*format == ']') Xtable[*format++] = 1;
while (*format && *format != ']') {
Xtable[*format++] = 1;
if (*format == '-') {
format++;
if (*format
&& *format != ']'
&& *(format) >= *(format -2)) {
int c;
for( c = *(format -2) + 1
; c <= *format ; c++)
Xtable[c] = 1;
format++;
}
else Xtable['-'] = 1;
}
}
if (!*format) return done;
if (!(Xtable[ic] ^ reverse)) {
/* MAT 8/9/96 no match must return character */
ungetc(ic, stream);
return done;
}
if (!(flags & FL_NOASSIGN))
str = va_arg(ap, char *);
do {
if (!(flags & FL_NOASSIGN))
*str++ = (char) ic;
if (--width) {
ic = getc(stream);
nrchars++;
}
} while (width && ic != EOF && (Xtable[ic] ^ reverse));
if (width) {
if (ic != EOF) ungetc(ic, stream);
nrchars--;
}
if (!(flags & FL_NOASSIGN)) { /* terminate string */
*str = '\0';
}
break;
#ifndef NOFLOAT
case 'e':
case 'E':
case 'f':
case 'g':
case 'G':
if (!(flags & FL_WIDTHSPEC) || width > NUMLEN)
width = NUMLEN;
if (!width) return done;
str = f_collect(ic, stream, width);
if (str < inp_buf
|| (str == inp_buf
&& (*str == '-'
|| *str == '+'))) return done;
/*
* Although the length of the number is str-inp_buf+1
* we don't add the 1 since we counted it already
*/
nrchars += str - inp_buf;
if (!(flags & FL_NOASSIGN)) {
ld_val = strtod(inp_buf, &tmp_string);
if (flags & FL_LONGDOUBLE)
*va_arg(ap, long double *) = (long double) ld_val;
else
if (flags & FL_LONG)
*va_arg(ap, double *) = (double) ld_val;
else
*va_arg(ap, float *) = (float) ld_val;
}
break;
#endif
} /* end switch */
conv++;
if (!(flags & FL_NOASSIGN) && kind != 'n') done++;
format++;
}
return conv || (ic != EOF) ? done : EOF;
}
_doscan函数代码
在上面的源代码中,值得注意的是第26行的getc宏,定义代码如下:
<pre name="code" class="cpp">#define getc(p) (--(p)->_count >= 0 ? (int) (*(p)->_ptr++) : \
__fillbuf(p))
getc的调用形式:ch=getc(fp); 功能是从文件指针指向的文件读入一个字符,并把它作为函数值返回给int型变量ch。
第4行~第17行,定义一些后面需要用到的变量
第23行~第34行,跳过format格式串中的空格,并且跳过输入流中的空格
第37行~第42行,输入流stream与format格式串中的空白符(空白符可以是空格(space)、制表符(tab)和新行符(newline))保持一致
第44行~第52行,在format中的字符为'%'的前提下,stream中的字符也为'%',则继续
第54行~第57行,format当前字符为'*',表示读指定类型的数据但不保存
第58行~第62行,指定说明最大域宽。 在百分号(%)与格式码之间的整数用于限制从对应域读入的最大字符数于宽度
第64行~第282行,switch语句,用于格式修饰符,这些修饰符包括: h、l、L、c、p、b、d、i、o、u……,还有基于扫描集的'['修饰符
对scanf函数的源码分析,需要在scanf函数的语法格式详细的理解基础上进行,由于scanf函数实现十分复杂,需要仔细的品味,这里只是比较初步的分析,具体还有待后期不断的完善
作者:
cpoint