Java—集合与泛型
1、数组和集合的区别:
(1)数组既可以存储基本数据类型,又可以存储引用数据类型,基本数据类型存储的是值,引用数据类型存储的是地址值。集合只能存储引用数据类型(对象)集合中也可以存储基本数据类型,但是在存储的时候会自动装箱变成对象。
(2)数组长度是固定的,不能自动增长。集合的长度的是可变的,可以根据元素的增加而增长。
(3)如果元素个数是固定的推荐用数组,如果元素个数不是固定的推荐用集。
2、Collection的基本功能
用于表示任何对象或元素组。想要尽可能以常规方式处理一组元素时,就使用这一接口。
3、Iterator迭代器遍历
迭代器用链表的方式实现了对集合中元素的遍历,常用方法有hasnext()、next()、remove(),对于集合和映射的遍历都可以用Iterator来进行。
4、ArrayList
ArrayList是一个数组实现的列表,由于数据是存入数组中的,所以它的特点也和数组一样,查询很快,但是中间部分的插入和删除很慢,不是线程安全。
功能代码展示:
package com.hwadee;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class Collection1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
testArrayList1();
testArrayList2();
testArrayList3();
testArrayList4();
testArrayList5();
testG1();
testG2();
}
public static void testArrayList1() {
ArrayList arrayList=new ArrayList();
arrayList.add("学委");
arrayList.add("班长");
arrayList.add("体委");
int size = arrayList.size();
System.out.println(size);
boolean contains = arrayList.contains("班长");
System.out.println(contains);
String name1 = (String)arrayList.get(0);
String name2 = (String)arrayList.get(1);
String name3 = (String)arrayList.get(2);
System.out.println(name1+"\t"+name2+"\t"+name3);
System.out.println("---------------------");
}
public static void testArrayList2() {
ArrayList arrayList1=new ArrayList();
arrayList1.add("大树");
arrayList1.add(0, "大虫子");
arrayList1.add("泰坦");
System.out.println(arrayList1.size());
String name1 = (String)arrayList1.get(0);
String name2 = (String)arrayList1.get(1);
String name3 = (String)arrayList1.get(2);
System.out.println(name1+"\t"+name2+"\t"+name3);
System.out.println("----------------------------");
ArrayList arrayList2=new ArrayList();
arrayList2.add("猪妹");
arrayList2.add("厄加特");
arrayList2.add(1,"狗头");
arrayList2.add("狗头");
System.out.println(arrayList2.size());
String name4 = (String)arrayList2.get(0);
String name5 = (String)arrayList2.get(1);
String name6 = (String)arrayList2.get(2);
System.out.println(name4+"\t"+name5+"\t"+name6);
System.out.println("-------------------------------");
arrayList2.addAll(arrayList1);
System.out.println(arrayList2.size());
String name7 = (String)arrayList2.get(0);
String name8 = (String)arrayList2.get(1);
String name9 = (String)arrayList2.get(2);
String name10 = (String)arrayList2.get(3);
String name11 = (String)arrayList2.get(4);
String name12 = (String)arrayList2.get(5);
String name13 = (String)arrayList2.get(6);
System.out.println(name7+"\t"+name8+"\t"+name9+"\t"+name10+"\t"+name11+"\t"+name12+"\t"+name13);
int indexOf = arrayList2.indexOf("大虫子");
System.out.println(indexOf);
int lastIndexOf = arrayList2.lastIndexOf("狗头");
System.out.println(lastIndexOf);
System.out.println("-------------------------------");
}
public static void testArrayList3() {
ArrayList arrayList=new ArrayList();
arrayList.add("李白");
arrayList.add("杜甫");
arrayList.add("王维");
int size = arrayList.size();
System.out.println(size);
Iterator iterator = arrayList.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(iterator.next());
}
System.out.println("---------------------");
}
public static void testArrayList4() {
ArrayList arrayList=new ArrayList();
arrayList.add("宝马");
arrayList.add("奔驰");
arrayList.add("奥迪");
int size = arrayList.size();
System.out.println(size);
Object[] objects = arrayList.toArray();
for(int i=0;i<objects.length;i++) {
System.out.println(objects[i]);
}
System.out.println("---------------------");
}
public static void testArrayList5() {
ArrayList arrayList=new ArrayList();
arrayList.add("康熙");
arrayList.add("雍正");
arrayList.add("乾隆");
int size = arrayList.size();
System.out.println(size);
for(int i=0;i<arrayList.size();i++) {
System.out.println(arrayList.get(i));
}
boolean isempty = arrayList.isEmpty();
if(!isempty) {
arrayList.clear();
System.out.println(arrayList.size());
}else {
System.out.println("本来就是空的");
}
System.out.println("---------------------");
}
public static void testG1() {
ArrayList<String> arrayList=new ArrayList<String>();
arrayList.add("秦皇");
arrayList.add("汉武");
arrayList.add("唐宗");
arrayList.add("宋祖");
System.out.println(arrayList.size());
Iterator<String> iterator = arrayList.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
String next = iterator.next();
System.out.println(next);
}
System.out.println("---------------------");
}
public static void testG2() {
ArrayList<Student> arrayListStudent=new ArrayList<Student>();
Student s1=new Student(110, "张三", 20);
Student s2=new Student(112, "李四", 19);
Student s3=new Student(142, "马倩", 19);
arrayListStudent.add(s1);
arrayListStudent.add(s3);
arrayListStudent.add(s2);
System.out.println(arrayListStudent.size());
Iterator<Student> iterator = arrayListStudent.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
Student next = iterator.next();
System.out.println(next);
}
System.out.println("---------------------");
}
}
class Student{
int number;
String name;
int age;
public Student() {
}
public int getNumber() {
return number;
}
public void setNumber(int number) {
this.number = number;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Student(int number, String name, int age) {
super();
this.number = number;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "学生类 [学号=" + number + ", 姓名=" + name + ", 年龄=" + age + "]";
}
}
5、泛型的使用
泛型的好处是在编译的时候检查类型安全,并且所有的强制转换都是自动和隐式的,提高代码的重用率;没有泛型的情况的下,通过对类型Object的引用来实现参数的“任意化”,“任意化”带来的缺点是要做显式的强制类型转换,而这种转换只有在运行期才能检查出来,存在安全隐患。泛型最重要应用是在集合框架中保障类型安全。
package com.hwadee;
/*
* 泛型类的测试
* 泛型类:把泛型定义在类上
*/
public class TestGenerics1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ObjectTool<String> obj1=new ObjectTool<String>();
obj1.setObj("今天没有太阳");
String string = obj1.getObj();
System.out.println(string);
ObjectTool<Integer> obj2=new ObjectTool<Integer>();
obj2.setObj(9527);
Integer integer = obj2.getObj();
System.out.println(integer);
// obj1.printMessage("无敌多么寂寞");
// obj2.printMessage(123);
obj1.printMessage("花儿为什么这样红");
obj1.printMessage(10000*100000);
obj1.printMessage(9527);
}
}
class ObjectTool<T>{
private T obj;
public T getObj() {
return obj;
}
public void setObj(T obj) {
this.obj = obj;
}
// public void printMessage(T t) {
// System.out.println(t);
// }
public void printMessage(String s) {
System.out.println(s);
}
public void printMessage(int number) {
System.out.println(number);
}
public void printMessage(long money) {
System.out.println(money);
}
}
package com.hwadee;
/*
* 泛型接口:把泛型定义在接口上
*/
public interface MyInterface {
public <T> void printMessage(T t);
}
package com.hwadee;
public class MyInterfaceImpl implements MyInterface{
@Override
public <T> void printMessage(T t) {
System.out.println(t);
}
}
package com.hwadee;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyInterfaceImpl mil=new MyInterfaceImpl();
mil.printMessage("李白是个大诗人");
mil.printMessage("李白也是个土绅");
mil.printMessage(new Long(1000*100000));
}
}
package com.hwadee;
//泛型定义在方法上
public class TestGenerics2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ObjectW oW=new ObjectW();
oW.printMessage("天才不过如此");
oW.printMessage(9526);
oW.printMessage(new Long(10000*100000));
}
}
class ObjectW{
public <T> void printMessage(T t) {
System.out.println(t);
}
}
package com.hwadee.test4;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
/*
* 泛型高级(通配符)
* ?:任意类型,如果没有明确,那么就是Object以及任意的Java类了
* ? extends E:向下限定,E及其子类
* ? super E:向上限定,E极其父类
*/
public class GenericDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 泛型如果明确的写的时候,前后必须一致
Collection<Object> c1 = new ArrayList<Object>();
//errors
// Collection<Object> c2 = new ArrayList<Animal>();
// Collection<Object> c3 = new ArrayList<Dog>();
// Collection<Object> c4 = new ArrayList<Cat>();
// ?表示任意的类型都是可以的
Collection<?> c5 = new ArrayList<Object>();
Collection<?> c6 = new ArrayList<Animal>();
Collection<?> c7 = new ArrayList<Dog>();
Collection<?> c8 = new ArrayList<Cat>();
// ? extends E:向下限定,E及其子类
//errors
// Collection<? extends Animal> c9 = new ArrayList<Object>();
Collection<? extends Animal> c10 = new ArrayList<Animal>();
Collection<? extends Animal> c11 = new ArrayList<Dog>();
Collection<? extends Animal> c12 = new ArrayList<Cat>();
// ? super E:向上限定,E极其父类
Collection<? super Animal> c13 = new ArrayList<Object>();
Collection<? super Animal> c14 = new ArrayList<Animal>();
//errors
// Collection<? super Animal> c15 = new ArrayList<Dog>();
// Collection<? super Animal> c16 = new ArrayList<Cat>();
}
}
class Animal {
}
class Dog extends Animal {
}
class Cat extends Animal {
}