Spring Bean的生命周期

Bean的生命周期：bean的创建--赋值--初始化(自定义)--销毁

我们有4种方式定义Bean的初始化和销毁方法

1. Spring提供注入Bean(xml或者注解)的initMethod属性和destoryMethod属性
2. Bean实现 InitializingBean（初始化）和 DisposableBean（销毁）接口
3. 使用JSR250规范定义的注解

   1. @PostConstruct: 在Bean创建完成,且属于赋值完成后进行初始化,属于JDK规范的注解

   2.  @PreDestroy: 在bean将被移除之前进行通知, 在容器销毁之前进行清理工作

4. 实现Spring提供的后置处理器

 initMethod & destoryMethod

在bean中自定义需要在初始化和销毁前需要执行的方法,在注入时引用

public class Cat {
    private String name;

    public Cat() {
        System.out.println("Cat-construtor()------------------");
    }

    public Cat(String name) {
        System.out.println("Cat-construtor(name)------------------");
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void init(){
        System.out.println("Cat-init()-----------------------------");
    }

    public void destory(){
        System.out.println("Cat-destory()-----------------------------");
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
        System.out.println("Cat-setName(name)------------------");
    }
}

public class Dog {
    public Dog() {
        System.out.println("Dog-construtor()------------------");
    }
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("Dog-init()-----------------------------");
    }

    public void destory(){
        System.out.println("Dog-destory()-----------------------------");
    }
}

@Configuration
public class MyConfigration8 {
    @Bean(initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "destory")
    public Cat cat(){
          Cat cat = new Cat();
          cat.setName("mimi");
          return cat;
    }

    @Scope("prototype")
    @Bean(initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "destory")
    public Dog dog(){
        return new Dog();
    }
}

public class Part8Test {
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MyConfigration8.class);
        System.out.println("IOC 容器初始化完成....");
        app.close();
        System.out.println("IOC 容器关闭....");
    }
}

结果:

可以发现Cat为单例模型，则Cat Bean在容器初始化时已经开始注入. 而Dog为多例则容器启动时不会初始化。根据结果可以发现

整个生命周期方法的执行顺序为:1.构造器2.属性赋值3.initMethod方法，在关闭IOC容器时执行destoryMethod

Cat-construtor()------------------
Cat-setName(name)------------------
Cat-init()-----------------------------
IOC 容器初始化完成....
Cat-destory()-----------------------------
IOC 容器关闭....

InitializingBean & DisposableBean接口

Bean实现InitializingBean的afterPropertiesSet()方法--  在Bean实例化完成，并且属性设置完成后执行

Bean实现InitializingBean的DisposableBean()方法--  在Bean销毁前执行

@Component
public class Fish implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
    public Fish() {
        System.out.println("Fish-construtor()------------------");
    }

    /**
     * 在Bean实例化完成，并且属性设置完成后执行
     */
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Fish-afterPropertiesSet()-----------------------------");
    }

    /**
     * 在Bean销毁前执行
     */
    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Fish-afterPropertiesSet()-----------------------------");
    }
}

@ComponentScan(value = "com.lb.spring.day3.part9.bean")
@Configuration
public class MyConfigration9 {
}

public class Part9Test {
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MyConfigration9.class);
        System.out.println("IOC 容器初始化完成....");
        app.close();
        System.out.println("IOC 容器关闭....");
    }
}

结果:

Fish-construtor()------------------
Fish-afterPropertiesSet()-----------------------------
IOC 容器初始化完成....
Fish-afterPropertiesSet()-----------------------------
IOC 容器关闭....

@PostConstruct & @PreDestroy

@Component
public class Tiger {
    public Tiger() {
        System.out.println("Tiger-construtor()------------------");
    }

    //在Bean创建完成,且属于赋值完成后进行初始化,属于JDK规范的注解
    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("Tiger-init()------------------");
    }

    //在bean将被移除之前进行通知, 在容器销毁之前进行清理工作
    @PreDestroy
    public void destory(){
        System.out.println("Tiger-destory()------------------");
    }
}

@ComponentScan(value = "com.lb.spring.day3.part10.bean")
@Configuration
public class MyConfigration10 {
}

public class Part10Test {
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MyConfigration10.class);
        System.out.println("IOC 容器初始化完成....");
        app.close();
        System.out.println("IOC 容器关闭....");
    }
}

结果:

Tiger-construtor()------------------
Tiger-init()------------------
Tiger-destory()------------------
IOC 容器关闭....

BeanPostProcessor接口

* BeanPostProcessor为Spring提供的Bean的后置处理器，可以在初始化(init)的前后进行功能加强
* postProcessBeforeInitialization():在init前执行
* postProcessAfterInitialization():在init后执行

public class LbBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor{
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("LbBeanPostProcessor---postProcessBeforeInitialization----"+beanName+"----"+bean);
        return bean;
    }

    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("LbBeanPostProcessor---postProcessAfterInitialization----"+beanName+"----"+bean);
        return bean;
    }
}

public class Lb2BeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor{
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("Lb2BeanPostProcessor---postProcessBeforeInitialization----"+beanName+"----"+bean);
        return bean;
    }

    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("Lb2BeanPostProcessor---postProcessAfterInitialization----"+beanName+"----"+bean);
        return bean;
    }
}

@Configuration
public class MyBeanPostProcessorConfig {
    @Bean
    public LbBeanPostProcessor lbBeanPostProcessor(){
        return new LbBeanPostProcessor();
    }
    @Bean
    public Lb2BeanPostProcessor lb2BeanPostProcessor(){
        return new Lb2BeanPostProcessor();
    }
}

@ComponentScan(value = "com.lb.spring.day3.part11")
@Configuration
public class MyConfigration11 {
    @Bean
    public Person person(){
        return new Person("lb",18);
    }

    @Bean(initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "destory")
    public Monkey monkey(){
        return new Monkey();
    }
}

public class Part11Test {
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MyConfigration11.class);
        System.out.println("IOC 容器初始化完成....");
        app.close();
        System.out.println("IOC 容器关闭....");
    }
}

创建了2个BeanPostProcessor接口的实现类，为了测试先后顺序

结果:

1.BeanPostProcessor的实现类默认使用所有的Bean注入

2.BeanPostProcessor子类的顺序由加载入IOC容器的先后顺序决定, 如果设置@Order会不起作用

LbBeanPostProcessor---postProcessBeforeInitialization----person----Person{name='lb', aga=18}
Lb2BeanPostProcessor---postProcessBeforeInitialization----person----Person{name='lb', aga=18}
LbBeanPostProcessor---postProcessAfterInitialization----person----Person{name='lb', aga=18}
Lb2BeanPostProcessor---postProcessAfterInitialization----person----Person{name='lb', aga=18}
LbBeanPostProcessor---postProcessBeforeInitialization----monkey----com.lb.spring.day3.part11.bean.Monkey@33afa13b
Lb2BeanPostProcessor---postProcessBeforeInitialization----monkey----com.lb.spring.day3.part11.bean.Monkey@33afa13b
Monkey-init()-----------------------------
LbBeanPostProcessor---postProcessAfterInitialization----monkey----com.lb.spring.day3.part11.bean.Monkey@33afa13b
Lb2BeanPostProcessor---postProcessAfterInitialization----monkey----com.lb.spring.day3.part11.bean.Monkey@33afa13b
IOC 容器初始化完成....
Monkey-destory()-----------------------------
IOC 容器关闭....

4个种方式同时满足的顺序为:

public class Pig implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
    public Pig() {
        System.out.println("Pig--construct----------------");
    }

    public void initMethod(){
        System.out.println("Pig--initMethod----------------");
    }

    public void destoryMethod(){
        System.out.println("Pig--destoryMethod----------------");
    }
    @PostConstruct
    public void postConstruct(){
        System.out.println("Pig--@PostConstruct----------------");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void preDestory(){
        System.out.println("Pig--@PreDestroy----------------");
    }

    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Pig--DisposableBean-destroy----------------");
    }

    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Pig--InitializingBean-afterPropertiesSet----------------");
    }
}

public class LbBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor{
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("LbBeanPostProcessor---postProcessBeforeInitialization----"+beanName+"----"+bean);
        return bean;
    }

    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("LbBeanPostProcessor---postProcessAfterInitialization----"+beanName+"----"+bean);
        return bean;
    }
}

@Configuration
public class MyConfigration12 {
    @Bean(initMethod = "initMethod",destroyMethod = "destoryMethod")
    public Pig pig(){
        return new Pig();
    }

    @Bean
    public LbBeanPostProcessor lbBeanPostProcessor(){
        return new LbBeanPostProcessor();
    }
}

结果:

由控制台输出可以看出，当4种方式同时存在时的Bean的整个生命周期的的执行顺序为:

1.构造器方法

2.BeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization方法

3.@PostConstruct修饰的方法

4.InitializingBean的afterPropertiesSet方法

5.Bean的initMethod方法(初始化方法)

6.BeanPostProcessor的postProcessAfterInitialization方法

销毁时：

7.@PreDestory修饰的方法

8.DisposableBean的destory方法

9.Bean的destoryMethod方法

Pig--construct----------------
LbBeanPostProcessor---postProcessBeforeInitialization----pig----com.lb.spring.day3.part12.bean.Pig@1460a8c0
Pig--@PostConstruct----------------
Pig--InitializingBean-afterPropertiesSet----------------
Pig--initMethod----------------
LbBeanPostProcessor---postProcessAfterInitialization----pig----com.lb.spring.day3.part12.bean.Pig@1460a8c0
IOC 容器初始化完成....
Pig--@PreDestroy----------------
Pig--DisposableBean-destroy----------------
Pig--destoryMethod----------------
IOC 容器关闭....