C++设计模式——抽象工厂模式

抽象工厂模式

抽象工厂模式和工厂模式不同的是：创建一系列相互依赖的对象先上代码：

#pragma once
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class IDBConnection {
public:
	virtual void ConnectionString(string& str) = 0;
};
class IDBCommand {
public:
	virtual void CommandText(const string& str) = 0;
	virtual void setConnection(IDBConnection* connection) = 0;
};
class IDataReader {
public:
	virtual void read(IDBCommand* command) = 0;
};

//支持Sql
class SqlConnection :public IDBConnection {
public:
	void ConnectionString(string& str) override {
		cout << "Sql database Connection...." << endl;
	}
};
class SqlCommand :public IDBCommand {
public:
	void CommandText(const string& str) override{
		cout << "Sql Command text Setting..." << endl;
	}
	void setConnection(IDBConnection* connection) override {
		cout << "Sql Connection Setting Connection!!!" << endl;
	}
};
class SqlDataReader :public IDataReader {
	void read(IDBCommand* command) override {
		cout << "Sql start read data!" << endl;
	}
};

//支持Sql
class OracleConnection :public IDBConnection {
public:
	void ConnectionString(string& str) override {
		cout << "Oracle database Connection...." << endl;
	}
};
class OracleCommand :public IDBCommand {
public:
	void CommandText(const string& str) override {
		cout << "Oracle Command text Setting..." << endl;
	}
	void setConnection(IDBConnection* connection) override {
		cout << "Oracle Connection Setting Connection!!!" << endl;
	}
};
class OracleDataReader :public IDataReader {
	void read(IDBCommand* command) override {
		cout << "Oracle start read data!" << endl;
	}
};



class IDBFactory {
public:
	virtual IDBConnection* CreatDBConnection() = 0;
	virtual IDBCommand* CreatDBCommand() = 0;
	virtual IDataReader* CreatDataRead() = 0;
	virtual ~IDBFactory() {}
};

class OracleDBFactory: public IDBFactory{
public:
	IDBConnection* CreatDBConnection() override {
		return new OracleConnection();
	}
	IDBCommand* CreatDBCommand() override {
		return new OracleCommand();
	}
	virtual IDataReader* CreatDataRead() override{
		return new OracleDataReader();
	}
};

class SqlDBFactory : public IDBFactory {
public:
	IDBConnection* CreatDBConnection() override {
		return new SqlConnection();
	}
	IDBCommand* CreatDBCommand() {
		return new SqlCommand();
	}
	virtual IDataReader* CreatDataRead() {
		return new SqlDataReader();
	}
};

以数据库的连接为例，需要多个相互依赖的类工作协作，完成连接并读取数据库的数据。在文件AbstractFactory.h 中，IDBConnection，IDBCommand，IDataReader就是三个相互依赖的类，将他们都设为抽象基类，方便后续的SQL、Oracle、MySql等数据库的扩展。

抽象类工厂基类IDBFactory用于创建上述三个相互依赖的类，每个数据库类型都需要创建这三个类。

测试程序如下：

#include<iostream>
#include"AbstractFactory.h"
using namespace std;

class EmployDAO {
private:
	IDBFactory* dbfactory;
public:
	EmployDAO(IDBFactory* dbfactory) {
		this->dbfactory = dbfactory;
	}

	void DataBaseConnect()
	{

		string str = { "abc,123456" };
		IDBConnection* connection = dbfactory->CreatDBConnection();
		connection->ConnectionString(str);

		IDBCommand* command = dbfactory->CreatDBCommand();
		command->CommandText(static_cast<string>("abc,123456"));
		command->setConnection(connection);//关联

		IDataReader* read = dbfactory->CreatDataRead();
		read->read(command);//关联
	}
};

int main() {
	IDBFactory* dbfactory1 = new SqlDBFactory();
	EmployDAO* emp1 = new EmployDAO(dbfactory1);
	emp1->DataBaseConnect();
	cout << "===========" << endl;

	IDBFactory* dbfactory2 = new OracleDBFactory();
	EmployDAO* emp2 = new EmployDAO(dbfactory2);
	emp2->DataBaseConnect();

	return 0;
}
}

通过这种方式使得EmployDAO的方法DataBaseConnect在需求变化时，无需更改，只需要在文件AbstractFactory.h中添加对应的具体类和具体类对应的工厂类即可。

运行结果如下：

要点：
只能应对“多系列对象构建”的需求变化，即相互依赖的多个对象构建，单个对象的需求变得则无法适应。