Linux服务器安装MySQL8

1. 进入安装目录

/usr/local

2. 下载

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

3. 解压,重命名

 tar -Jxvf mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

 mv mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql8

4. 创建用户组、用户

# 需要进入 /usr/local
#创建用户组：groupadd
#创建用户：useradd（-r 创建系统用户，-g 指定用户组）

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

5. 数据目录

# 创建数据目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql

# 授权
mkdir -p  /data/mysql              #创建目录
chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql   #赋予权限

6. MySQL初始化文件

# 在 /etc/ 下创建 my.cnf 配置文件用于初始化 MySQL 数据库
vim /etc/my.cnf

my.cnf文件内容

# 编辑配置文件内容如下
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[client]
port       = 3306
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port       = 3306
server-id  = 3306
user       = mysql
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock

basedir    = /usr/local/mysql
datadir    = /data/mysql

log-bin    = /data/mysql/mysql-bin
innodb_data_home_dir      =/data/mysql
innodb_log_group_home_dir =/data/mysql
log-error =/data/mysql/mysqlError.log
pid-file  =/data/mysql/mysql.pid
character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
autocommit =1
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 1024
sort_buffer_size = 4M
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 4M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 128
#query_cache_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 128M
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535
binlog_format=mixed
binlog_expire_logs_seconds =864000
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

注意:配置文件中涉及到的文件需要提前创建好并授权,否则初始化会报错

7. 初始化数据库

初始化命令：注意文件夹名称。

–defaults-file：指定配置文件（要放在–initialize 前面）

–user： 指定用户

–basedir：指定安装目录

–datadir：指定初始化数据目录

–intialize-insecure：初始化无密码（否则生成随机密码）

进入/usr/local/mysql8/bin目录下执行：

./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize

问题1

./mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决:yum install -y libaio

8. 查看密码
   my.cnf配置中log-error =/data/mysql/mysqlError.log

vim  /data/mysql/mysqlError.log

9. 将mysql.server放置到/etc/init.d/mysql中

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

10. 启动

service mysql start
 
ps -ef|grep mysql

11. 修改密码

#bin目录下,初始密码在查看 my.cnf配置中log-error =/data/mysql/mysqlError.log
./mysql -u root -p   

执行以下代码修改root密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
flush privileges;

12. 配置远程连接

use mysql;
update user set host='%' where user='root';
flush privileges;

13. 查看安装路径及安装环境

whereis mysql;
whereis mysqldump;

文件缺失,手动配置

vi /etc/profile

最后一行添加

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

source /etc/profile

再次检查

whereis mysql;
whereis mysqldump;