091-Python单元测试 (一)

 

 

091-Python单元测试(一)

 

 

 

今天我们来学习Python Unit Testing 单元测试

 

先来一个简单的例子

def add(x, y):
    return x + y


def subtract(x, y):
    return x - y


def multiply(x, y):
    return x * y


def divide(x, y):
    if y == 0:
        raise ValueError('Can not divide by zero.')
    return x / y

 

我们写好了4个简单的算术方法,

现在我们想要用Unit Test来测试一下这4个方法

 

import unittest
import test01


class Test01(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_add(self):
        result = test01.add(10, 5)
        self.assertEqual(result, 15)

    def test_subtract(self):
        result = test01.subtract(10, 5)
        self.assertEqual(result, 5)

    def test_multiply(self):
        result = test01.multiply(10, 5)
        self.assertEqual(result, 50)

    def test_divide(self):
        result = test01.divide(10, 5)
        self.assertEqual(result, 2)

 

我们用assertEqual来验证每个方法的结果

测试运行的结果是

Ran 4 tests in 0.003s

OK

意思是运行了4个测试,通过了

 

 

 

那么如果测试失败了是什么样的呢,

比如我们把add结果改成0

0 != 15

Expected :15
Actual   :0
<Click to see difference>

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Program Files\JetBrains\PyCharm 2019.2.4\plugins\python\helpers\pycharm\teamcity\diff_tools.py", line 32, in _patched_equals
    old(self, first, second, msg)
  File "C:\Users\lich-howger\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\unittest\case.py", line 852, in assertEqual
    assertion_func(first, second, msg=msg)
  File "C:\Users\lich-howger\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\unittest\case.py", line 845, in _baseAssertEqual
    raise self.failureException(msg)
AssertionError: 15 != 0

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\lich-howger\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\unittest\case.py", line 59, in testPartExecutor
    yield
  File "C:\Users\lich-howger\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\unittest\case.py", line 628, in run
    testMethod()
  File "C:\D\Project\PythonProject\PythonTest1119\test20200607\test01_test.py", line 8, in test_add
    self.assertEqual(result, 0)



Ran 1 test in 0.005s

FAILED (failures=1)

Process finished with exit code 1

Assertion failed

Assertion failed

Assertion failed

 

这就显示了失败的结果

 

 

 

 

我继续修改一下add代码

试着测试一下负数相加的结果

import unittest
import test01


class Test01(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_add(self):
        self.assertEqual(test01.add(10, 5), 15)
        self.assertEqual(test01.add(1, 1), 2)
        self.assertEqual(test01.add(-5, 5), 0)
        self.assertEqual(test01.add(-5, -10), -15)

结果为:

Ran 1 test in 0.002s

OK

 

 

 

 

 

 

来看一下所有的 assert方法

 

Method	Checks that	New in
assertEqual(a, b)	a == b
assertNotEqual(a, b)	a != b
assertTrue(x)	bool(x) is True
assertFalse(x)	bool(x) is False
assertIs(a, b)	a is b	3.1
assertIsNot(a, b)	a is not b	3.1
assertIsNone(x)	x is None	3.1
assertIsNotNone(x)	x is not None	3.1
assertIn(a, b)	a in b	3.1
assertNotIn(a, b)	a not in b	3.1
assertIsInstance(a, b)	isinstance(a, b)	3.2
assertNotIsInstance(a, b)	not isinstance(a, b)	3.2

 

Method	Checks that	New in
assertRaises(exc, fun, *args, **kwds)	fun(*args, **kwds) raises exc
assertRaisesRegex(exc, r, fun, *args, **kwds)	fun(*args, **kwds) raises exc and the message matches regex r	3.1
assertWarns(warn, fun, *args, **kwds)	fun(*args, **kwds) raises warn	3.2
assertWarnsRegex(warn, r, fun, *args, **kwds)	fun(*args, **kwds) raises warn and the message matches regex r	3.2
assertLogs(logger, level)	The with block logs on logger with minimum level	3.4

 

 

 

 

 

在之前的divide方法,我们对除数是0的情况进行了判断

现在我们用 assertRaises方法对此进行测试

也就是当除数是0的时候,需要有ValueError

 

import unittest
import test01


class Test01(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_add(self):
        self.assertEqual(test01.add(10, 5), 15)
        self.assertEqual(test01.add(1, 1), 2)
        self.assertEqual(test01.add(-5, 5), 0)
        self.assertEqual(test01.add(-5, -10), -15)

    def test_divide(self):
        self.assertEqual(test01.divide(10, 5), 2)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, test01.divide, 10, 0)

 

结果是

Ran 1 test in 0.012s

OK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

还有另外一种写法

可以测试多次Error

import unittest
import test01


class Test01(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_add(self):
        self.assertEqual(test01.add(10, 5), 15)
        self.assertEqual(test01.add(1, 1), 2)
        self.assertEqual(test01.add(-5, 5), 0)
        self.assertEqual(test01.add(-5, -10), -15)

    def test_divide(self):
        self.assertEqual(test01.divide(10, 5), 2)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, test01.divide, 10, 0)

        # error
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            test01.divide(5, 0)
            test01.divide(10, 0)