Python - pip 常用命令

pip

pip(Python Package Index)是一个以 Python 语言写成的软件包管理系統，使用 pip 可以非常方便的安装和管理 python 软件包

帮助文档

pip --help                                                                       ░▒▓ ✔  10:41:20  

Usage:
  pip <command> [options]

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  config                      Manage local and global configuration.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  cache                       Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
  index                       Inspect information available from package indexes.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
  debug                       Show information useful for debugging.
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding
                              to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --no-input                  Disable prompting for input.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup,
                              (a)bort.
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or
                              any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides the default. See
                              'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation for more information.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the
                              certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available
                              for download. Implied with --no-index.
  --no-color                  Suppress colored output.
  --no-python-version-warning
                              Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
  --use-feature <feature>     Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
  --use-deprecated <feature>  Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.

版本

pip --version     # Python2.x 版本命令
pip3 --version    # Python3.x 版本命令

升级 pip

pip install -U pip

列出已安装的包

pip list
pip freeze

安装包

五种方式

  pip install [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
  pip install [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
  pip install [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
  pip install [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
  pip install [options] <archive url/path> ...

常用一

 pip install [options] [package-index-options]

栗子

pip install request

指定版本安装

pip install package              # 最新版本
pip install package==1.0.4       # 指定版本
pip install 'package>=1.0.4'     # 最小版本

指定国内源安装

pip install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/ package

国内源

清华：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

阿里云：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

中国科技大学 https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

华中理工大学：http://pypi.hustunique.com/

山东理工大学：http://pypi.sdutlinux.org/ 

豆瓣：http://pypi.douban.com/simple/

常用二

pip install [options] -r [package-index-options]

通过 requirements 文件批量安装软件包

生成 requirements.txt 文件

https://www.cnblogs.com/poloyy/p/13953232.html

批量安装软件包

pip install -r requirements.txt

下载包但不安装

pip install <包名> -d <目录>
pip install -d <目录> -r requirements.txt

卸载包

pip uninstall package
pip uninstall -r requirements.txt

更新包

pip install --upgrade package
pip install -U  package   # --upgrade 可简写为 -U

显示包所在的目录

pip show -f <包名>

查询可升级的包

pip list --outdated   # 列出所有过期的库
pip list -o               # --outdated的简写，列出所有过期的库

卸载 pip

python -m pip uninstall pip

pip 批量更新包