多线程笔记（二）

一、ReentrantLock可重入锁

Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
lock.lock();

手动加锁必须手动释放锁。即使线程中途抛出异常也不会释放锁，因此一般在finally里lock.unlock();

ReentrantLock和synchronized的区别在于ReentrantLock可以尝试获取锁，而synchronized获取锁后会使后面的线程阻塞；此外synchronized是非公平锁，而ReentrantLock可以指定为公平锁。

boolean locked = lock.tryLock();

二、lock()与lockInterruptibly()

两者都是获取锁，lock()的锁不能被打断，lockInterruptibly()的锁可以被interrupt()打断。当一个线程占用锁的时间过长，而不希望后面的线程长时间等待而想打断后面线程的等待时，如果该可重入锁是用lockInterruptibly()上锁的，可以用interrupt()打断。

三、实现一个固定大小的同步容器，具有set(),get(),size()方法

方法一：synchronized，wait，notifyAll

public class MyContainer1<T> {
    private LinkedList<T> lists = new LinkedList<>();
    private int MAX = 10;
    private int count = 0;

    public synchronized void put(T t){
        while(lists.size() == MAX){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        lists.add(t);
        ++count;
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    public synchronized T get(){
        while (lists.size() == 0){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        T t = lists.removeFirst();
        --count;
        this.notifyAll();
        return t;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyContainer1<String> container = new MyContainer1<>();
        //启动消费者线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
                    System.out.println(container.get());
                }
            }, "consumer"+i).start();
        }

        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //启动生产者线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                for (int j = 0; j < 25; j++) {
                    container.put(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + j);
                }
            }, "producer"+i).start();
        }

    }

}

方法二：ReentrantLock，Condition，await，signalAll

public class MyContainer2<T> {
    private int MAX = 10;
    private int count = 0;
    private LinkedList<T> list = new LinkedList<>();
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition producer = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition consumer = lock.newCondition();

    public void put(T t){
        //满了就await
        try {
            lock.lock();
            while (list.size() == MAX) {
                producer.await();
            }
            list.add(t);
            count++;
            consumer.signalAll();
        } catch (InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public T get(){
        T t = null;
        try {
            lock.lock();
            while (list.size() == 0) {
                consumer.await();
            }
            t = list.removeFirst();
            count--;
            producer.signalAll();
        } catch (InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
            return t;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyContainer2<String> container = new MyContainer2<>();
        //启动消费者线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
                    System.out.println(container.get());
                }
            }, "consumer"+i).start();
        }

        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //启动生产者线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                for (int j = 0; j < 25; j++) {
                    container.put(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + j);
                }
            }, "producer"+i).start();
        }

    }
}

需要注意的是使用可重入锁的这种情况，try catch不能只包住await一行，需要包住整块代码，否则会出错。

四、ThreadLocal使用空间换时间，synchronized使用时间换空间