什么是RabbitMQ
官网上的介绍是这样的:
RabbitMQ is a message broker: it accepts and forwards messages. You can think about it as a post office: when you put the mail that you want posting in a post box, you can be sure that Mr. or Ms. Mailperson will eventually deliver the mail to your recipient. In this analogy, RabbitMQ is a post box, a post office and a postman.
即 RabbitMQ是一个消息代理:它接受和转发消息。你可以把它想象成一个邮局:当你把你想要发布的邮件放在邮箱里时,你可以确定邮递员最终将邮件发送给你的收件人。在这个比喻中,RabbitMQ是邮政信箱,邮局和邮递员。
简单的说,RabbitMQ对应了我们的生产者\消费者模型,有一端(客户端)负责发放任务,另一端(服务端)负责接收任务并进行处理。RabbitMQ则负责这中间的消息存储和分发,他们三者可以部署在不同的机器上。
安装RabbitMQ
Hello Word
首先我们先从一个简单的Hello Word来入手学习RabbitMQ。
我们运行的语言环境是Go1.8.1,IDE为 Goland
配置好环境后运行命令行
go get github.com/streadway/amqp
成功了之后在项目中创建go文件:
send.go
package main
import (
"log"
"github.com/streadway/amqp"
)
// 用于报错处理
func failOnError(err error, msg string) {
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("%s: %s", msg, err)
}
}
func main() {
// 链接RabbitMQ
conn, err := amqp.Dial("amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/")
failOnError(err, "Failed to connect to RabbitMQ")
defer conn.Close()
// 打开Channel
ch, err := conn.Channel()
failOnError(err, "Failed to open a channel")
defer ch.Close()
// 声明Queue
q, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
"hello", // 队列名
false, // 持久性
false, // 不用时是否删除队列
false, // exclusive
false, // no-wait
nil, // arguments
)
failOnError(err, "Failed to declare a queue")
// 需要发送的文本
body := "hello"
// 发布消息
err = ch.Publish(
"", // 交换机名称
q.Name, // 路由名称
false, // mandatory
false, // immediate
amqp.Publishing{
ContentType: "text/plain", // 文本格式
Body: []byte(body), // 内容
})
log.Printf(" [x] Sent %s", body)
failOnError(err, "Failed to publish a message")
}
receive.go
package main
import (
"log"
"github.com/streadway/amqp"
)
func failOnError(err error, msg string) {
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("%s: %s", msg, err)
}
}
func main() {
conn, err := amqp.Dial("amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/")
failOnError(err, "Failed to connect to RabbitMQ")
defer conn.Close()
ch, err := conn.Channel()
failOnError(err, "Failed to open a channel")
defer ch.Close()
q, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
"hello", // name
false, // durable
false, // delete when unused
false, // exclusive
false, // no-wait
nil, // arguments
)
failOnError(err, "Failed to declare a queue")
// 创建消费者
msgs, err := ch.Consume(
q.Name, // queue
"", // consumer
true, // auto-ack
false, // exclusive
false, // no-local
false, // no-wait
nil, // args
)
failOnError(err, "Failed to register a consumer")
forever := make(chan bool)
// 协程获取消息队列处理结果
go func() {
for d := range msgs {
log.Printf("Received a message: %s", d.Body)
}
}()
log.Printf(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C")
<-forever
}