vector容器

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

void printVector(vector<int>& v)
{
	for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
	{
		cout << *it << "  ";

	}
	cout << endl;
}

void test01()
{
	vector<int>v1;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}

	printVector(v1);

	vector<int>v2(v1.begin(), v1.end());
	printVector(v2);

	vector<int>v3(10, 100);
	printVector(v3);
}

void test02()//赋值
{
	vector<int>v1;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);

	}
	printVector(v1);


	vector<int>v2;
	v2 = v1;
	printVector(v2);

	vector<int>v3;
	v3.assign(v1.begin(), v1.end());

	vector<int>v4;
	v4.assign(10, 100);
	printVector(v4);
}

void test03()//容量和大小
{
	vector<int>v1;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	printVector(v1);

	if (v1.empty())//为真 代表容器为空
	{
		cout << "v1为空" << endl;

	}
	else
	{
		cout << "v1不为空" << endl;
		cout << "v1容量:" << v1.capacity() << endl;
		cout << "v1的大小：" << v1.size() << endl;
	}

	//重新指定大小
	v1.resize(15);
	printVector(v1);//用0填充
	v1.resize(16, 100);//可以指定填充的值（参数2）（100）
	printVector(v1);
	v1.resize(5);
	printVector(v1);//超出的部分删掉

}

void test04()//插入和删除
{
	vector<int>v1;
	//尾插
	v1.push_back(10);
	v1.push_back(20);
	v1.push_back(30);
	v1.push_back(40);
	v1.push_back(50);

	printVector(v1);

	//尾删
	v1.pop_back();
	printVector(v1);

	//插入
	v1.insert(v1.begin(), 100);//第一个参数是迭代器
	printVector(v1);

	v1.insert(v1.begin(), 2, 1000);//在开头插入两个1000
	printVector(v1);

	//删除
	v1.erase(v1.begin());
	printVector(v1);
	
	//清空
	v1.erase(v1.begin(), v1.end());
	printVector(v1);
}

void test05()//数据存取
{
	vector<int>v1;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}

	//利用[]访问
	for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); i++)
	{
		cout << v1[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	//利用at访问
	for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); i++)
	{
		cout << v1.at(i) << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	//获取第一个元素
	cout << "第一个元素：" << v1.front() << endl;

	//最后一个元素
	cout << "最后一个元素为：" << v1.back() << endl;
}

void test06()//容器互换
{
	vector<int>v1;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	cout << "交换前：" << endl;
	printVector(v1);

	vector<int>v2;
	for (int i = 10; i > 0; i--)
	{
		v2.push_back(i);

	}
	printVector(v2);

	cout << "交换后：" << endl;
	v1.swap(v2);
	printVector(v1);
	printVector(v2);

	//实际用途
	//巧用swap可以收缩内存空间
	vector<int>v;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	cout << "v的容量：" << v.capacity() << endl;
	cout << "v的大小" << v.size() << endl;

	v.resize(3);//重新指定大小
	cout << "v的容量：" << v.capacity() << endl;
	cout << "v的大小" << v.size() << endl;

	vector<int>(v).swap(v);//用v初始化匿名对象，执行完毕后被回收
	cout << "v的容量：" << v.capacity() << endl;
	cout << "v的大小" << v.size() << endl;
}

void test07()//预留空间
{
	vector<int>v;
	//利用reserve预留空间
	v.reserve(100000);

	int num = 0;//统计开辟次数
	int* p = NULL;
	for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
		if (p != &v[0])
		{
			p = &v[0];
			num++;
		}
	}
	cout << "num=" << num << endl;

}



int main()
{
	test07();
}