[C/C++] 多文件共用全局变量

需求

在做C++工程时, 通常需要建立多个cpp文件, 但是在一个cpp文件中定义的全局变量又需要在另外一个文件使用, 则会碰到当前的问题.

方法

注: 本方法适用VC++环境
解决办法
(1) 在另外的需要使用该全局变量的文件中声明extern全局变量
比如有两个文件, globalVariable.cpp和Derive.cpp

globalVariable.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int g_var = 233;
void print_global_variable();

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	cout << "original print: " << g_var << endl;
	print_global_variable();
	g_var += 1;
	cout << "after function: " << g_var << endl;
	return 0;
}

Derive.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

extern int g_var; // 此处声明外部全局变量, 即可使用其他文件定义的全局变量

void print_global_variable() {
	g_var += 1;
	cout << "print function: " << g_var << endl;
}

效果

original print: 233
print function: 234
after function: 235

(2) 建立头文件, 在头文件中声明extern变量, 然后在单个cpp文件中定义, 并且都include该头文件即可 (但是注意不能多次定义, 否则链接报错
global_incl.h

extern int g_var;
void print_global_variable1();
void print_global_variable2();
void print_global_variable3();

globalVariable.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "global_incl.h"
using namespace std;

int g_var = 233;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	cout << "original print: " << g_var << endl;
	print_global_variable1();
	g_var += 1;
	cout << "after function1: " << g_var << endl;

	print_global_variable2();
	g_var += 1;
	cout << "after function2 " << g_var << endl;

	print_global_variable3();
	g_var += 1;
	cout << "after funtion3: " << g_var << endl;
	return 0;
}

Derive.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "global_incl.h"
using namespace std;

void print_global_variable1() {
	g_var += 1;
	cout << "print function1: " << g_var << endl;
}

Derive2.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "global_incl.h"
using namespace std;

void print_global_variable2() {
	g_var += 2;
	cout << "print function2: " << g_var << endl;
}

Derive3.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "global_incl.h"
using namespace std;

void print_global_variable3() {
	g_var += 3;
	cout << "print function3: " << g_var << endl;
}

五个文件在同一目录下, 效果

original print: 233
print function1: 234
after function1: 235
print function2: 237
after function2 238
print function3: 241
after funtion3: 242