SQLite:
一、简介：
1. [访问应用内的数据]Android通过 SQLite 数据库引擎来实现结构化数据的存储。在一个数据库应用程序中，任何类都可以通过名字对已经创建的数据库进行访问，但是在应用程序之外就不可以。除非在sd卡中.
2. [小而快]SQLite 数据库是一种用C语言编写的嵌入式数据库，它是一个轻量级的数据库，最初为嵌入式设计的。它是在一些基础简单的语句处理上要比oracle / mysql快很多，而且其对内存的要求很低，在内存中只需要几百KB的存储空间。这是Android中采用 SQLite 数据库的主要原因。
3. SQLite 支持事务处理功能,Transaction
4. SQLite 处理速度比MySQL等著名的开源数据库系统更快;它没有服务器进程。
5. [跨平台]SQLite 通过文件保存数据库，该文件是跨平台的，可以自由复制。一个文件就是一个数据库,数据库名即文件名。
[API]JDBC会消耗太多系统资源，所以JDBC对于手机并不合适，因此Android提供了新的API来使用 SQLite 数据库。
下面是数据库具体的实现：
第一步：创建SQLiteOpenHelper
package com.example.sqldatabasetextdemo;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.net.Uri;
public class MySQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
//数据库的版本
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
//数据库的名称
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "my_update.db";
//数据库的表名称【一张数据库可以有多张表】
public static final String TABLE_STUDENT = "student";
//数据库表的字段
public static final String ID = "_id", NAME = "name", AGE = "age",
SEX = "sex";
public static final Uri STUDENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://"+"com.example.sqldatabasetextdemo/student");
private static MySQLiteOpenHelper mSQL;
public MySQLiteOpenHelper(Context context, String name,
CursorFactory factory, int version) {
super(context, name, factory, version);
}
public static MySQLiteOpenHelper getInstance(Context context){
if (mSQL == null) {
synchronized (MySQLiteOpenHelper.class) {
if (mSQL == null) {
mSQL = new MySQLiteOpenHelper(context);
}
}
}
return mSQL;
}
private MySQLiteOpenHelper(Context context) {
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
String strSQL = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS " + TABLE_STUDENT + " ("
+ ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, " + NAME
+ " VARCHAR(10), " + AGE + " VARCHAR(10), " + SEX
+ " VARCHAR(10) " + ")";
db.execSQL(strSQL);
}
//数据库升级回调的方法
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
String strSQL = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS"+TABLE_STUDENT;
if(newVersion > oldVersion){
db.execSQL(strSQL);
onCreate(db);
}
}
//数据库降低版本回调的方法【注意：这个方法不重写回导致降低版本程序挂掉 super.onDowngrade(db, oldVersion, newVersion)该方法抛出了一个异常】
@Override
public void onDowngrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
String strSQL = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS"+TABLE_STUDENT;
if(newVersion > oldVersion){
db.execSQL(strSQL);
onCreate(db);
}
}
}
第二步：创建ContentProvider：
package com.example.sqldatabasetextdemo;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
public class MyProvider extends ContentProvider {
private final static String TAG = MyProvider.class.getSimpleName();
//授权填写的是包名【androidManifest 也要写这个属性也是包名】
private final static String AUTHORITY = "com.example.sqldatabasetextdemo";
//匹配Uri
private static UriMatcher sUriMatcher;
private MySQLiteOpenHelper mySqlOpenHelper;
private static final int STUDENT = 1;
//添加Uri到UriMatcher
static{
sUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
sUriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, MySQLiteOpenHelper.TABLE_STUDENT, STUDENT);
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String whereClause, String[] whereArgs) {
int rowNum = 0;
SQLiteDatabase db = mySqlOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case STUDENT:
rowNum = db.delete(MySQLiteOpenHelper.TABLE_STUDENT, whereClause, whereArgs);
break;
default:
break;
}
return rowNum;
}
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
return null;
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues contentValues) {
SQLiteDatabase db = mySqlOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case STUDENT:
db.insert(MySQLiteOpenHelper.TABLE_STUDENT, null, contentValues);
break;
default:
break;
}
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
mySqlOpenHelper = MySQLiteOpenHelper.getInstance(getContext());
return false;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs,
String sortOrder) {
Cursor cursor = null;
SQLiteDatabase db = mySqlOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case STUDENT:
cursor = db.query(MySQLiteOpenHelper.TABLE_STUDENT, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
break;
default:
break;
}
return cursor;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues contentValues, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
int rownum = 0;
SQLiteDatabase db= mySqlOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case STUDENT:
rownum = db.update(MySQLiteOpenHelper.TABLE_STUDENT, contentValues, selection, selectionArgs);
break;
default:
break;
}
return rownum;
}
}
<provider
android:name="com.example.sqldatabasetextdemo.MyProvider"
android:authorities="com.example.sqldatabasetextdemo"
/>下面贴上我的测试代码：
package com.example.sqldatabasetextdemo;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private final Context mContext = this;
private EditText name_editText;
private EditText age_editText;
private EditText sex_editText;
private TextView mTextView;
private String name;
private String age;
private String sex;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initView();
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}
private void initView(){
name_editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.name_editText);
age_editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.age_editText);
sex_editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.sex_editText);
mTextView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView);
}
public void click(View view){
switch (view.getId()) {
//读取EditText中的内容存储于数据库中
case R.id.button1:
{
name = name_editText.getText().toString();
age = age_editText.getText().toString();
sex = sex_editText.getText().toString();
//类似与HashMap 一个储存类
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.NAME, name);
values.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.AGE, age);
values.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.SEX, sex);
//插入数据库
mContext.getContentResolver().insert(MySQLiteOpenHelper.STUDENT_URI, values);
break;
}
//查询数据库中的内容
case R.id.button2:
{
Cursor cursor = mContext.getContentResolver().query(MySQLiteOpenHelper.STUDENT_URI, null, null, null, null);
if (cursor == null || cursor.getCount() <1) {
return;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
while (cursor.moveToNext() ) {
String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MySQLiteOpenHelper.NAME));
String age = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MySQLiteOpenHelper.AGE));
String sex = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MySQLiteOpenHelper.SEX));
sb.append("name:"+name+",age:"+age+",sex:"+sex);
}
closeCursor(cursor);
mTextView.setText(sb.toString());
break;
}
//删除操作
case R.id.delete_button:
{
//在项目中如果一个表中字段不是一样格式，建议如以下这么写，因为替换？这个有问题
String strWhere = MySQLiteOpenHelper.ID+"= '1'";
mContext.getContentResolver().delete(MySQLiteOpenHelper.STUDENT_URI,strWhere, null);
break;
}
//更改操作
case R.id.update_button:
{
ContentValues contextValues = new ContentValues();
contextValues.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.NAME, "王五");
contextValues.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.AGE, "13");
contextValues.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.SEX, "男");
//在项目中如果一个表中字段不是一样格式，建议如以下这么写，因为替换？这个有问题
String strWhere = MySQLiteOpenHelper.NAME+"= '张三'";
mContext.getContentResolver().update(MySQLiteOpenHelper.STUDENT_URI, contextValues, strWhere, null);
break;
}
default:
break;
}
}
private void closeCursor(Cursor cursor){
if (cursor != null && !cursor.isClosed()) {
cursor.close();
cursor = null;
}
}
}
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