c++ WaveletMatrix 模版

#ifndef NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS
#    ifdef __has_cpp_attribute
#        if __has_cpp_attribute(no_unique_address)
#            define NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS [[no_unique_address]]
#        endif
#    endif
#    ifndef NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS
#        define NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS
#    endif
#endif // !NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS

namespace details {
    inline unsigned int bsf32(uint32_t n) noexcept {
#if defined __GNUC__
        return __builtin_ctz(n);
#elif defined _MSC_VER
        unsigned long ans;
        _BitScanForward(&ans, n);
        return ans;
#elif
        static constexpr unsigned char table[32] = {
            0, 1, 28, 2, 29, 14, 24, 3, 30, 22, 20, 15, 25, 17, 4, 8,
            31, 27, 13, 23, 21, 19, 16, 7, 26, 12, 18, 6, 11, 5, 10, 9,
        };
        return table[((n & -n) * 0x077CB531) >> 57];
#endif
    }

    inline unsigned int bsf64(uint64_t n) noexcept {
#if defined __GNUC__
        return __builtin_ctzll(n);
#elif defined _MSC_VER
        unsigned long ans;
        _BitScanForward64(&ans, n);
        return ans;
#elif
        static constexpr unsigned char table[64] = {
            0, 1, 56, 2, 57, 49, 28, 3, 61, 58, 42, 50, 38, 29, 17, 4,
            62, 47, 59, 36, 45, 43, 51, 22, 53, 39, 33, 30, 24, 18, 12, 5,
            63, 55, 48, 27, 60, 41, 37, 16, 46, 35, 44, 21, 52, 32, 23, 11,
            54, 26, 40, 15, 34, 20, 31, 10, 25, 14, 19, 9, 13, 8, 7, 6,
        };
        return table[((n & -n) * 0x03f79d71b4ca8b09) >> 58];
#endif
    }

    inline unsigned int bsr32(uint32_t n) noexcept {
#if defined __GNUC__
        return 31 - __builtin_clz(n);
#elif defined _MSC_VER
        unsigned long ans;
        _BitScanReverse(&ans, n);
        return ans;
#elif
        float t = n;
        uint32_t ans;
        memcpy(&ans, &t, sizeof(float));
        return (ans >> 23 & 255) - 127;
#endif
    }

    inline unsigned int bsr64(uint64_t n) noexcept {
#if defined __GNUC__
        return 63 - __builtin_clzll(n);
#elif defined _MSC_VER
        unsigned long ans;
        _BitScanReverse64(&ans, n);
        return ans;
#elif
        float t = n;
        uint32_t ans;
        memcpy(&ans, &t, sizeof(float));
        return (ans >> 23 & 255) - 127;
#endif
    }

    inline unsigned int popcnt32(uint32_t n) noexcept {
#if defined __GNUC__
        return __builtin_popcount(n);
#elif defined _MSC_VER
        return __popcnt(n);
#elif
        n -= ((n >> 1) & 0x55555555);
        n = (n & 0x33333333) + ((n >> 2) & 0x33333333);
        return ((((n >> 4) + n) & 0x0f0f0f0f) * 0x01010101) >> 24;
#endif
    }

    inline unsigned int popcnt64(uint64_t n) noexcept {
#if defined __GNUC__
        return __builtin_popcountll(n);
#elif defined _MSC_VER
        return __popcnt64(n);
#elif
        n -= ((n >> 1) & 0x5555555555555555);
        n = (n & 0x3333333333333333) + ((n >> 2) & 0x3333333333333333);
        return ((((n >> 4) + n) & 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f) * 0x0101010101010101) >> 56;
#endif
    }

    inline unsigned int parity32(uint32_t n) noexcept {
#if defined __GNUC__
        return __builtin_parity(n);
#elif defined _MSC_VER
        return __popcnt(n) & 1;
#elif
        n ^= n >> 1;
        n ^= n >> 2;
        n = (n & 0x11111111) * 0x11111111;
        return (n >> 28) & 1;
#endif
    }

    inline unsigned int parity64(uint64_t n) noexcept {
#if defined __GNUC__
        return __builtin_parityll(n);
#elif defined _MSC_VER
        return __popcnt64(n) & 1;
#elif
        n ^= n >> 1;
        n ^= n >> 2;
        n = (n & 0x1111111111111111) * 0x1111111111111111;
        return (n >> 60) & 1;
#endif
    }


    template<typename I, bool B = 32 < std::numeric_limits<I>::digits>
    struct _BitFuncImpl {
        inline static unsigned int bsf(I n) noexcept { return bsf64(n); }
        inline static unsigned int bsr(I n) noexcept { return bsr64(n); }
        inline static unsigned int popcnt(I n) noexcept { return popcnt64(n); }
        inline static unsigned int parity(I n) noexcept { return parity64(n); }
    };

    template<typename I>
    struct _BitFuncImpl<I, false> {
        inline static unsigned int bsf(I n) noexcept { return bsf32(n); }
        inline static unsigned int bsr(I n) noexcept { return bsr32(n); }
        inline static unsigned int popcnt(I n) noexcept { return popcnt32(n); }
        inline static unsigned int parity(I n) noexcept { return parity32(n); }
    };

    template<typename I>
    inline unsigned int bsf(I n) noexcept { return _BitFuncImpl<I>::bsf(n); }
    template<typename I>
    inline unsigned int bsr(I n) noexcept { return _BitFuncImpl<I>::bsr(n); }
    template<typename I>
    inline unsigned int popcnt(I n) noexcept { return _BitFuncImpl<I>::popcnt(n); }
    template<typename I>
    inline unsigned int parity(I n) noexcept { return _BitFuncImpl<I>::parity(n); }

    template<typename T, size_t K = 0, bool = std::is_empty<T>::value && !std::is_final<T>::value>
    struct Derivable {
    private:
        T val;
    public:
        constexpr Derivable() = default;
        template<typename... Args>
        constexpr Derivable(Args&&... args) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, Args&&...>::value) : val(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
        inline constexpr T& value() noexcept { return val; }
        inline constexpr const T& value() const noexcept { return val; }
    };

    template<typename T, size_t K>
    struct Derivable<T, K, true> : private T {
        constexpr Derivable() = default;
        template<typename... Args>
        constexpr Derivable(Args&&... args) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, Args&&...>::value) : T(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
        inline constexpr T& value() noexcept { return *this; }
        inline constexpr const T& value() const noexcept { return *this; }
    };

    template<typename Alloc>
    struct InitializerIterator {
        using traits = std::allocator_traits<Alloc>;
        using pointer = typename traits::pointer;
        using value_type = typename traits::value_type;
        InitializerIterator(const InitializerIterator&) = delete;
        InitializerIterator(InitializerIterator&& other) noexcept
            : ptr(other.ptr), cur(other.cur), p_alloc(other.p_alloc)
        {
            other.ptr = other.cur = nullptr;
            other.p_alloc = nullptr;
        }
        InitializerIterator(pointer ptr, Alloc& alloc) noexcept : ptr(ptr), cur(ptr), p_alloc(&alloc) {}
        ~InitializerIterator() noexcept {
            if (!std::is_trivially_destructible<value_type>::value)
                for (pointer it = ptr;it != cur;++it)
                    traits::destroy(*p_alloc, std::addressof(*it));
        }
        inline pointer release() noexcept {
            return ptr = cur;
        }
        inline InitializerIterator& operator*() noexcept { return *this; }
        inline InitializerIterator& operator++() noexcept { return *this; }
        inline InitializerIterator& operator++(int) noexcept { return *this;  }
        InitializerIterator& operator=(const InitializerIterator&) = delete;
        InitializerIterator& operator=(InitializerIterator&& other) noexcept {
            ptr = other.ptr;
            cur = other.cur;
            p_alloc = other.p_alloc;
            other.ptr = other.cur = nullptr;
            other.p_alloc = nullptr;
            return *this;
        }
        template<typename T>
        inline InitializerIterator& operator=(T&& val) noexcept(noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible<value_type, T&&>::value)) {
            traits::construct(*p_alloc, std::addressof(*cur), std::forward<T>(val));
            ++cur;
            return *this;
        }
    private:
        pointer ptr, cur;
        Alloc* p_alloc;
    };
}

作者：白
链接：https://leetcode.cn/problems/distinct-echo-substrings/solutions/960279/geng-kuai-de-onlog2n-jie-fa-hou-zhui-shu-8wby/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）
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