HSSF:操作Excel 97(.xls)格式
XSSF:操作Excel 2007 OOXML (.xlsx)格式,操作EXCEL内存占用高于HSSF
SXSSF:从POI3.8 beta3开始支持,基于XSSF,低内存占用。
使用POI的HSSF对象,生成Excel 97(.xls)格式,生成的EXCEL不经过压缩直接导出。
线上问题:负载服务器转发请求到应用服务器阻塞,以及内存溢出 。
如果系统存在大数据量报表导出,则考虑使用POI的SXSSF进行EXCEL操作。
HSSF生成的Excel 97(.xls)格式本身就有每个sheet页不能超过65536条的限制。
XSSF生成Excel 2007 OOXML (.xlsx)格式,条数增加了,但是导出过程中,内存占用率却高于HSSF.
SXSSF是自3.8-beta3版本后,基于XSSF提供的低内存占用的操作EXCEL对象。其原理是可以设置或者手动将内存中的EXCEL行写到硬盘中,这样内存中只保存了少量的EXCEL行进行操作。
EXCEL的压缩率特别高,能达到80%,12M的文件压缩后才2M左右。 如果未经过压缩、不仅会占用用户带宽,且会导致负载服务器(apache)和应用服务器之间,长时间占用连接(二进制流转发),导致负载服务器请求阻塞,不能提供服务。
一、导出
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一定要注意文件流的关闭
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防止前台(页面)连续触发导出EXCEL
1.POI依赖的jar包(maven pom)
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.14</version>
</dependency>
package sy.util;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.poi.hpsf.SummaryInformation;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFClientAnchor;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFComment;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFPatriarch;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.functions.T;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Font;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFWorkbook;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
public class ExcelUtil{
public static String NO_DEFINE = "no_define";//未定义的字段
public static String DEFAULT_DATE_PATTERN="yyyy年MM月dd日";//默认日期格式
public static int DEFAULT_COLOUMN_WIDTH = 17;
/**
* 导出Excel 97(.xls)格式 ,少量数据
* @param title 标题行
* @param headMap 属性-列名
* @param jsonArray 数据集
* @param datePattern 日期格式,null则用默认日期格式
* @param colWidth 列宽 默认 至少17个字节
* @param out 输出流
*/
public static void exportExcel(String title,Map<String, String> headMap,JSONArray jsonArray,String datePattern,int colWidth, OutputStream out) {
if(datePattern==null) datePattern = DEFAULT_DATE_PATTERN;
// 声明一个工作薄
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
workbook.createInformationProperties();
workbook.getDocumentSummaryInformation().setCompany("*****公司");
SummaryInformation si = workbook.getSummaryInformation();
si.setAuthor("JACK"); //填加xls文件作者信息
si.setApplicationName("导出程序"); //填加xls文件创建程序信息
si.setLastAuthor("最后保存者信息"); //填加xls文件最后保存者信息
si.setComments("JACK is a programmer!"); //填加xls文件作者信息
si.setTitle("POI导出Excel"); //填加xls文件标题信息
si.setSubject("POI导出Excel");//填加文件主题信息
si.setCreateDateTime(new Date());
//表头样式
HSSFCellStyle titleStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
titleStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
HSSFFont titleFont = workbook.createFont();
titleFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 20);
titleFont.setBoldweight((short) 700);
titleStyle.setFont(titleFont);
// 列头样式
HSSFCellStyle headerStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
headerStyle.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
headerStyle.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
headerStyle.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
headerStyle.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
headerStyle.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
headerStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
HSSFFont headerFont = workbook.createFont();
headerFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
headerFont.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
headerStyle.setFont(headerFont);
// 单元格样式
HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
cellStyle.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
cellStyle.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
cellStyle.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
cellStyle.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
cellStyle.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
HSSFFont cellFont = workbook.createFont();
cellFont.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
cellStyle.setFont(cellFont);
// 生成一个(带标题)表格
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
// 声明一个画图的顶级管理器
HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
// 定义注释的大小和位置,详见文档
HSSFComment comment = patriarch.createComment(new HSSFClientAnchor(0,
0, 0, 0, (short) 4, 2, (short) 6, 5));
// 设置注释内容
comment.setString(new HSSFRichTextString("可以在POI中添加注释!"));
// 设置注释作者,当鼠标移动到单元格上是可以在状态栏中看到该内容.
comment.setAuthor("JACK");
//设置列宽
int minBytes = colWidth<DEFAULT_COLOUMN_WIDTH?DEFAULT_COLOUMN_WIDTH:colWidth;//至少字节数
int[] arrColWidth = new int[headMap.size()];
// 产生表格标题行,以及设置列宽
String[] properties = new String[headMap.size()];
String[] headers = new String[headMap.size()];
int ii = 0;
for (Iterator<String> iter = headMap.keySet().iterator(); iter
.hasNext();) {
String fieldName = iter.next();
properties[ii] = fieldName;
headers[ii] = fieldName;
int bytes = fieldName.getBytes().length;
arrColWidth[ii] = bytes < minBytes ? minBytes : bytes;
sheet.setColumnWidth(ii,arrColWidth[ii]*256);
ii++;
}
// 遍历集合数据,产生数据行
int rowIndex = 0;
for (Object obj : jsonArray) {
if(rowIndex == 65535 || rowIndex == 0){
if ( rowIndex != 0 ) sheet = workbook.createSheet();//如果数据超过了,则在第二页显示
HSSFRow titleRow = sheet.createRow(0);//表头 rowIndex=0
titleRow.createCell(0).setCellValue(title);
titleRow.getCell(0).setCellStyle(titleStyle);
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0, 0, 0, headMap.size() - 1));
HSSFRow headerRow = sheet.createRow(1); //列头 rowIndex =1
for(int i=0;i<headers.length;i++)
{
headerRow.createCell(i).setCellValue(headers[i]);
headerRow.getCell(i).setCellStyle(headerStyle);
}
rowIndex = 2;//数据内容从 rowIndex=2开始
}
JSONObject jo = (JSONObject) JSONObject.toJSON(obj);
HSSFRow dataRow = sheet.createRow(rowIndex);
for (int i = 0; i < properties.length; i++)
{
HSSFCell newCell = dataRow.createCell(i);
Object o = jo.get(properties[i]);
String cellValue = "";
if(o==null) cellValue = "";
else if(o instanceof Date) cellValue = new SimpleDateFormat(datePattern).format(o);
else cellValue = o.toString();
newCell.setCellValue(cellValue);
newCell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
}
rowIndex++;
}
// 自动调整宽度
/*for (int i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);
}*/
try {
workbook.write(out);
workbook.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 导出Excel 2007 OOXML (.xlsx)格式
* @param title 标题行
* @param headMap 属性-列头
* @param jsonArray 数据集
* @param datePattern 日期格式,传null值则默认 年月日
* @param colWidth 列宽 默认 至少17个字节
* @param out 输出流
*/
public static void exportExcelX(String title,Map<String, String> headMap,JSONArray jsonArray,String datePattern,int colWidth, OutputStream out) {
if(datePattern==null) datePattern = DEFAULT_DATE_PATTERN;
// 声明一个工作薄
SXSSFWorkbook workbook = new SXSSFWorkbook(1000);//缓存
workbook.setCompressTempFiles(true);
//表头样式
CellStyle titleStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
titleStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
Font titleFont = workbook.createFont();
titleFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 20);
titleFont.setBoldweight((short) 700);
titleStyle.setFont(titleFont);
// 列头样式
CellStyle headerStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
headerStyle.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
headerStyle.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
headerStyle.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
headerStyle.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
headerStyle.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
headerStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
Font headerFont = workbook.createFont();
headerFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
headerFont.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
headerStyle.setFont(headerFont);
// 单元格样式
CellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
cellStyle.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
cellStyle.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
cellStyle.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
cellStyle.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
cellStyle.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
Font cellFont = workbook.createFont();
cellFont.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
cellStyle.setFont(cellFont);
// 生成一个(带标题)表格
SXSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
//设置列宽
int minBytes = colWidth<DEFAULT_COLOUMN_WIDTH?DEFAULT_COLOUMN_WIDTH:colWidth;//至少字节数
int[] arrColWidth = new int[headMap.size()];
// 产生表格标题行,以及设置列宽
String[] properties = new String[headMap.size()];
String[] headers = new String[headMap.size()];
int ii = 0;
for (Iterator<String> iter = headMap.keySet().iterator(); iter
.hasNext();) {
String fieldName = iter.next();
properties[ii] = fieldName;
headers[ii] = headMap.get(fieldName);
int bytes = fieldName.getBytes().length;
arrColWidth[ii] = bytes < minBytes ? minBytes : bytes;
sheet.setColumnWidth(ii,arrColWidth[ii]*256);
ii++;
}
// 遍历集合数据,产生数据行
int rowIndex = 0;
for (Object obj : jsonArray) {
if(rowIndex == 65535 || rowIndex == 0){
if ( rowIndex != 0 ) sheet = workbook.createSheet();//如果数据超过了,则在第二页显示
SXSSFRow titleRow = sheet.createRow(0);//表头 rowIndex=0
titleRow.createCell(0).setCellValue(title);
titleRow.getCell(0).setCellStyle(titleStyle);
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0, 0, 0, headMap.size() - 1));
SXSSFRow headerRow = sheet.createRow(1); //列头 rowIndex =1
for(int i=0;i<headers.length;i++)
{
headerRow.createCell(i).setCellValue(headers[i]);
headerRow.getCell(i).setCellStyle(headerStyle);
}
rowIndex = 2;//数据内容从 rowIndex=2开始
}
JSONObject jo = (JSONObject) JSONObject.toJSON(obj);
SXSSFRow dataRow = sheet.createRow(rowIndex);
for (int i = 0; i < properties.length; i++)
{
SXSSFCell newCell = dataRow.createCell(i);
Object o = jo.get(properties[i]);
String cellValue = "";
if(o==null) cellValue = "";
else if(o instanceof Date) cellValue = new SimpleDateFormat(datePattern).format(o);
else if(o instanceof Float || o instanceof Double)
cellValue= new BigDecimal(o.toString()).setScale(2,BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP).toString();
else cellValue = o.toString();
newCell.setCellValue(cellValue);
newCell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
}
rowIndex++;
}
// 自动调整宽度
/*for (int i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);
}*/
try {
workbook.write(out);
workbook.close();
workbook.dispose();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//Web 导出excel
public static void downloadExcelFile(String title,Map<String,String> headMap,JSONArray ja,HttpServletResponse response){
try {
ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ExcelUtil.exportExcelX(title,headMap,ja,null,0,os);
byte[] content = os.toByteArray();
InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(content);
// 设置response参数,可以打开下载页面
response.reset();
response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet;charset=utf-8");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+ new String((title + ".xlsx").getBytes(), "iso-8859-1"));
response.setContentLength(content.length);
ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(outputStream);
byte[] buff = new byte[8192];
int bytesRead;
while (-1 != (bytesRead = bis.read(buff, 0, buff.length))) {
bos.write(buff, 0, bytesRead);
}
bis.close();
bos.close();
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.close();
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
int count = 100000;
JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
for(int i=0;i<100000;i++){
Student s = new Student();
s.setName("POI"+i);
s.setAge(i);
s.setBirthday(new Date());
s.setHeight(i);
s.setWeight(i);
s.setSex(i/2==0?false:true);
ja.add(s);
}
Map<String,String> headMap = new LinkedHashMap<String,String>();
headMap.put("name","姓名");
headMap.put("age","年龄");
headMap.put("birthday","生日");
headMap.put("height","身高");
headMap.put("weight","体重");
headMap.put("sex","性别");
String title = "测试";
/*
OutputStream outXls = new FileOutputStream("E://a.xls");
System.out.println("正在导出xls....");
Date d = new Date();
ExcelUtil.exportExcel(title,headMap,ja,null,outXls);
System.out.println("共"+count+"条数据,执行"+(new Date().getTime()-d.getTime())+"ms");
outXls.close();*/
//
OutputStream outXlsx = new FileOutputStream("E://b.xlsx");
System.out.println("正在导出xlsx....");
Date d2 = new Date();
ExcelUtil.exportExcelX(title,headMap,ja,null,0,outXlsx);
System.out.println("共"+count+"条数据,执行"+(new Date().getTime()-d2.getTime())+"ms");
outXlsx.close();
}
}
class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
private Date birthday;
private float height;
private double weight;
private boolean sex;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public float getHeight() {
return height;
}
public void setHeight(float height) {
this.height = height;
}
public double getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public void setWeight(double weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
public boolean isSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(boolean sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
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//导出配件列表
@RequestMapping(value = "partExport")
@ResponseBody
public void partExportHttpServletResponse response){
JSONArray ja = ptmpOrderService.selectStatExport();//获取业务数据集
Map<String,String> headMap = ptmpOrderService.getPartStatHeadMap();//获取属性-列头
String title = "配件统计表";
ExcelUtil.downloadExcelFile(title,headMap,ja,response);
}
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3.前端页面的写法(不要用异步方式请求,如$.post/$.ajax,因为会无法弹出提示下载框)
//可以点击一个按钮事件触发下面的代码进行导出
window.open("partExport","_blank");
//或者可以提交表单
$('#form').attr('action','partExport');
$('#form').attr('target','_blank');
$('#form').submit();
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二、导入
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
</dependency>
<button class="btn btn-success radius" onclick="G_ST.importExcel('yes');">导入Excel</button>
<script type="text/javascript" src="<%=basePath%>/js/tStudyTest.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="<%=basePath%>/js/testExcel.js"></script>
<body>
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" id="batchUpload" method="post" class="form-horizontal">
<input type="hidden" id="isShow" value="${isShow}">
<button class="btn btn-success btn-xs" id="uploadEventBtn" style="width:150px;height:26px;float: left;" type="button" >选择文件</button>
<br>
<input type="file" name="file" style="width:0px;height:0px;" id="uploadEventFile">
<br>
<input id="uploadEventPath" disabled="disabled" type="text" placeholder="请选择excel表" style="border: 1px solid #e6e6e6; height: 26px;width: 300px;" >
</form>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success btn-sm" style="margin-left: 70px;" onclick="uploadBtn()" >上传</button>
<script>
//上传excel
$("#uploadEventBtn").unbind("click").bind("click",function(){
$("#uploadEventFile").click();
});
$("#uploadEventFile").bind("change",function(){
$("#uploadEventPath").attr("value",$("#uploadEventFile").val());
});
</script>
</body>
//点击上传按钮
uploadBtn = function(isShow){
var uploadEventFile = $("#uploadEventFile").val();
if(uploadEventFile == ''){
layer.msg("请选择excel,再上传");
}else if(uploadEventFile.lastIndexOf(".xls")<0){//可判断以.xls和.xlsx结尾的excel
layer.msg("只能上传Excel文件");
}else{
var url = 'getFileName';
var formData = new FormData($('form')[0]);//提交网页中的第一个表单
this.confirmRequest(url,'POST',formData );
}
};
confirmRequest = function(url,type,data){
$.ajax({
url : url,
type : type,
data : data,
success : function(result) {
if("未上传过此试卷" ==result){
sendAjaxRequest(type,data);
}else{
if(confirm(result) == true){
sendAjaxRequest(type,data);
}
}
},
error : function() {
layer.msg("excel上传失败");
},
cache : false,
contentType : false,
processData : false
});
};
sendAjaxRequest = function(type,data){
$.ajax({
url : "upload",
type : type,
data : data,
success : function(result) {
layer.msg(result);
},
error : function() {
layer.msg("excel上传失败");
},
cache : false,
contentType : false,
processData : false
});
};
var G_ST={
importExcel:function(isShow){
layer.open({
type: 2,
title: false,
shade: [0],
area: ['500px', '300px'],
anim: 2,
content: ['importExcel', 'yes'], //iframe的url,no代表不显示滚动条
});
}
}
@RequestMapping("/importExcel")
public String importExcel(){
return "excel";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public String upload(@RequestParam(value="file",required = false)MultipartFile file){
String result = tStudyTestService.readExcelFile(file,type);
return result;
}
@RequestMapping("/getFileName")
@ResponseBody
public String getFileName(MultipartFile file,HttpServletRequest request){
String result =null;
//创建处理EXCEL的类
ReadExcel readExcel=new ReadExcel();
//解析excel,获取文件名
String fileName = readExcel.getExcelName(file);
TStudyTestUnit tStudyTestUnit = new TStudyTestUnit();
tStudyTestUnit.setTitle(fileName);
String test_type = StringUtils.isBlank(request.getParameter("test_type"))?"2":request.getParameter("test_type");
tStudyTestUnit.setTest_type(Integer.valueOf(test_type));
int count = tStudyTestUnitService.getFileName(tStudyTestUnit);
if(count > 0){
result = "已经上传过同名试卷,重复上传会导致题目重复,确定上传吗?";
}else{
result = "未上传过此试卷";
}
return result;
}