机器学习——KNN算法:Python实现
1 K近邻算法分类模型的代码实现
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel('葡萄酒.xlsx')
# 特征变量和目标变量的切分
X_train = df[['酒精含量(%)','苹果酸含量(%)']]
y_train = df['分类']
# 模型训练
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier as KNN
knn = KNN(n_neighbors=3)
knn.fit(X_train, y_train)
# 模型预测:预测单个样本
X_test = [[7, 1]] # X_test为测试集特征变量
answer = knn.predict(X_test)
print(answer)
# 模型预测:预测多个样本
X_test = [[7, 1], [8, 3]] # 这里能帮助理解为什么要写成二维数组的样式
answer = knn.predict(X_test)
print(answer)
2 K近邻算法回归模型的代码实现
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsRegressor
X = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6], [7, 8], [9, 10]]
y = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
model = KNeighborsRegressor(n_neighbors=2)
model.fit(X, y)
print(model.predict([[5, 5]]))
3 案例实战:手写数字识别模型
# 1.读取数据
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel('手写字体识别.xlsx')
df.head()
# 2.提取特征变量和目标变
X = df.drop(columns='对应数字')
y = df['对应数字']
# 3.划分训练集和测试集
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=123)
# 4.模型搭建
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier as KNN
knn = KNN(n_neighbors=5)
knn.fit(X_train, y_train)
# 5.模型预测 - 预测数据结果
y_pred = knn.predict(X_test)
print(y_pred[0:100])
a = pd.DataFrame() # 创建一个空DataFrame
a['预测值'] = list(y_pred)
a['实际值'] = list(y_test)
a.head()
# 预测准确度评估
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
score = accuracy_score(y_pred, y_test)
score
参考文献:王宇韬, 钱妍竹. Python大数据分析与机器学习商业案例实战[M]. 机械工业出版社, 2020.