[算法总结] 数论---组合数多模板的使用和范围分析

组合数,要点写前头

本文一切的范围a,b都表示 C[b,a]
本篇所有代码来自A

1.使用dp预处理C

1≤n≤10000 输入的组数
1≤b≤a≤2000

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int N = 2010, mod = 1e9 + 7;
int c[N][N];
void init()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i ++ )
        for (int j = 0; j <= i; j ++ )
            if (!j) c[i][j] = 1;
            else c[i][j] = (c[i - 1][j] + c[i - 1][j - 1]) % mod;
}
int main()
{
    int n;
    init();
    scanf("%d", &n);
    while (n -- )
    {
        int a, b;
        scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
        printf("%d\n", c[a][b]);
    }
    return 0;
}

2.使用快速幂的预处理

1≤n≤10000, 输入组数 这个也挺大的
1≤b≤a≤10^5 超大超大超大
结果 %10e9

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const int N = 100010, mod = 1e9 + 7;
int fact[N], infact[N];
int qmi(int a, int k, int p)
{
    int res = 1;
    while (k)
    {
        if (k & 1) res = (LL)res * a % p;
        a = (LL)a * a % p;
        k >>= 1;
    }
    return res;
}
int main()
{
    fact[0] = infact[0] = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i < N; i ++ )
    {
        fact[i] = (LL)fact[i - 1] * i % mod;
        infact[i] = (LL)infact[i - 1] * qmi(i, mod - 2, mod) % mod;
    }
    int n;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    while (n -- )
    {
        int a, b;
        scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
        printf("%d\n", (LL)fact[a] * infact[b] % mod * infact[a - b] % mod);
    }
    return 0;
}

3.用了好几个优化&&预处理

1≤n≤20, 但是输入的组数很小
1≤b≤a≤10e18, a和b都超级大
1≤p≤10e5 p是质数

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
int qmi(int a, int k, int p)
{
    int res = 1;
    while (k)
    {
        if (k & 1) res = (LL)res * a % p;
        a = (LL)a * a % p;
        k >>= 1;
    }
    return res;
}
int C(int a, int b, int p)
{
    if (b > a) return 0;

    int res = 1;
    for (int i = 1, j = a; i <= b; i ++, j -- )
    {
        res = (LL)res * j % p;
        res = (LL)res * qmi(i, p - 2, p) % p;
    }
    return res;
}
int lucas(LL a, LL b, int p)
{
    if (a < p && b < p) return C(a, b, p);
    return (LL)C(a % p, b % p, p) * lucas(a / p, b / p, p) % p;
}
int main()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    while (n -- )
    {
        LL a, b;
        int p;
        cin >> a >> b >> p;
        cout << lucas(a, b, p) << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

4.结果很大的需要高精度的C

1≤b≤a≤5000

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;


const int N = 5010;

int primes[N], cnt;
int sum[N];
bool st[N];


void get_primes(int n)
{
    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i ++ )
    {
        if (!st[i]) primes[cnt ++ ] = i;
        for (int j = 0; primes[j] <= n / i; j ++ )
        {
            st[primes[j] * i] = true;
            if (i % primes[j] == 0) break;
        }
    }
}


int get(int n, int p)
{
    int res = 0;
    while (n)
    {
        res += n / p;
        n /= p;
    }
    return res;
}


vector<int> mul(vector<int> a, int b)
{
    vector<int> c;
    int t = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); i ++ )
    {
        t += a[i] * b;
        c.push_back(t % 10);
        t /= 10;
    }
    while (t)
    {
        c.push_back(t % 10);
        t /= 10;
    }
    return c;
}


int main()
{
    int a, b;
    cin >> a >> b;

    get_primes(a);

    for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i ++ )
    {
        int p = primes[i];
        sum[i] = get(a, p) - get(a - b, p) - get(b, p);
    }

    vector<int> res;
    res.push_back(1);
    for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i ++ )
        for (int j = 0; j < sum[i]; j ++ )
            res = mul(res, primes[i]);
    for (int i = res.size() - 1; i >= 0; i -- ) printf("%d", res[i]);
    puts("");
    return 0;
}