网络编程之 UDP（聊天室）

1 介绍

2 Java 实现 UDP 消息发送

2.1 客户端

public class UDPClientTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DatagramSocket socket = null;
        try {
            // 建立一个 Socket
            socket = new DatagramSocket();
            // 明确目标地址
            InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 8888;
            // 创建包
            String msg = "Hello, I'm PkyShare";
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, address, port);
            // 发送
            socket.send(packet);
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {
            if(socket != null) {
                socket.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

2.2 服务端

public class UDPServerTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DatagramSocket socket = null;

        try {
            // 开放端口
            socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
            // 读取数据包
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
            // 接收
            socket.receive(packet);
            System.out.println(packet.getAddress());
            System.out.println((new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength())));
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {
            if(socket != null) {
                socket.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

2.3 启动测试

  因为 UDP 并不需要建立连接，只需要知道目标地址即可。因此先启动哪个都不会报错。但是如果先启动客户端，则服务端接收不了。以下是先启动服务端，在启动客户端的结果：

控制台输出：

	/127.0.0.1
	Hello, I'm PkyShare

3 单一聊天

  单方面发送消息

3.1 客户端

public class UDPClientTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DatagramSocket socket = null;
        String msg = "";
        try {
            // 建立一个 Socket
            socket = new DatagramSocket();
            while (!"-1".equals(msg)) {
                // 创建包
                BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));	// 控制台输入
                String data = br.readLine();
                byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();
                msg = new String(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 8888);
                // 发送
                socket.send(packet);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {
            if(socket != null) {
                socket.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

3.2 服务端

public class UDPServerTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DatagramSocket socket = null;
        String msg = "";
        try {
            // 开放端口
            socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
            while (!"-1".equals(msg)) {
                // 读取数据包
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
                // 接收
                socket.receive(packet);
                msg = new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength());
                System.out.println(msg);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {
            if(socket != null) {
                socket.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

3.3 测试结果

客户端依次发送

	Hello, I'm PkyShare
	Bye
	-1

服务端依次接受到

	Hello, I'm PkyShare
	Bye
	-1

4 多线程创建简易聊天室

  聊天室中，每个人都有【说话】和【接收】两种能力，因此对【说话】和【接收】分别创建线程。

4.1 Talk

package com.cq.auto.parts.commons.service.test;

public class Talk implements Runnable {

    DatagramSocket socket;
    BufferedReader br;
    String fromIp;  // 接收方 ip
    int fromPort;   // 接收方端口

    public Talk(String fromIp, int fromPort) {
        this.fromIp = fromIp;
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        try {
            this.socket = new DatagramSocket();
            this.br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        String inputMsg; // 控制台输入的消息
        try {
            do {
                // 创建包
                inputMsg = br.readLine();
                byte[] bytes = inputMsg.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length, InetAddress.getByName(fromIp), fromPort);
                // 发送
                socket.send(packet);
            }while (!"bye".equalsIgnoreCase(inputMsg));
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {
            if(socket != null) {
                socket.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

3.2 Receive

public class Receive implements Runnable {

    DatagramSocket socket;
    String senderName; // 发送方名字
    int port; // 接收方端口

    public Receive(String senderName, int port) {
        this.senderName = senderName;
        this.port = port;
        // 开放端口
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        String receiveMsg;
        try {
            do {
                // 读取数据包
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
                // 接收
                socket.receive(packet);
                receiveMsg = new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength());
                System.out.println(senderName + "：" + receiveMsg);
            }while (!"bye".equalsIgnoreCase(receiveMsg));
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {
            if(socket != null) {
                socket.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

4.3 创建学生客户端

public class StuMainTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new Talk("127.0.0.1", 8888)).start(); // 创建并启动说话的线程
        new Thread(new Receive("teacher", 9999)).start(); // 创建并启动接收的线程
    }
}

4.4 创建老师客户端

public class TeacherMainTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new Talk("127.0.0.1", 9999)).start(); // 创建说话的线程
        new Thread(new Receive("stu", 8888)).start(); // 创建接收的线程
    }
}

4.5 测试结果

学生控制台输出：

	您好老师
	teacher：你好
	我想学网络编程
	teacher：好的，我之后教你
	谢谢老师
	teacher：不客气
	bye
	teacher：bye
	
	Process finished with exit code 0

老师控制台输出：

	stu：您好老师
	你好
	stu：我想学网络编程
	好的，我之后教你
	stu：谢谢老师
	不客气
	stu：bye
	bye
	
	Process finished with exit code 0