java类的初始化

java类的初始化

对于一般的java类，其中包含的字段有类字段（static），实例字段。对于每个字段的初始化方式也有多种：

• 直接初始化。
• 使用初始化块。对于实例字段，使用static初始化块；对于实例字段，使用一般初始化块。
• 在构造器中执行初始化逻辑

java类初始化的顺序

由于类加载器在加载class文件，到实例构造前，类字段会得到初始化，也就意味着类字段优先于
实例字段的初始化。对于一个类而言，其中的各种字段的初始化顺序可总结如下：
1.执行父类【类字段】初始化语句，执行static初始化块；
2.执行自身【类字段】初始化语句，执行static初始化块；
3.执行父类【实例字段】初始化语句，执行实例初始化块；执行构造器
4.执行自身【实例字段】初始化语句，执行实例初始化块；执行构造器

代码验证

class Base{
    static int baseStaticVal=1;
    int baseInstanceVal=1;

    static{
        System.out.println("init baseStaticVal");
        System.out.println("baseStaticVal "+baseStaticVal);
        baseStaticVal=2;
    }

    {
        System.out.println("init baseInstanceVal");
        System.out.println("baseInstanceVal "+baseInstanceVal);
        baseInstanceVal=2;
    }

    public Base(){
        System.out.println("start Base constructor");
        System.out.println("baseStaticVal "+baseStaticVal);
        System.out.println("baseInstanceVal "+baseInstanceVal);

        baseStaticVal=3;
        this.baseInstanceVal=3;

        System.out.println("baseStaticVal "+baseStaticVal);
        System.out.println("baseInstanceVal "+baseInstanceVal);
    }
}

class SubClass extends Base{
    static int subStaticVal=4;
    int subInstanceVal=4;

    static{
        System.out.println("init subStaticVal");
        System.out.println("subStaticVal "+subStaticVal);
        subStaticVal=5;
    }

    {
        System.out.println("init subInstanceVal");
        System.out.println("subInstanceVal "+subInstanceVal);
        subInstanceVal=5;
    }

    public SubClass(){
        System.out.println("start subClass constructor");
        System.out.println("subStaticVal "+subStaticVal);
        System.out.println("subInstanceVal "+subInstanceVal);
        subStaticVal=6;
        this.subInstanceVal=6;
    }
}

public class Initial{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        SubClass son=new SubClass();
    }
}

实验代码的输出结果为：

init baseStaticVal
baseStaticVal 1
init subStaticVal
subStaticVal 4
init baseInstanceVal
baseInstanceVal 1
start Base constructor
baseStaticVal 2
baseInstanceVal 2
baseStaticVal 3
baseInstanceVal 3
init subInstanceVal
subInstanceVal 4
start subClass constructor
subStaticVal 5
subInstanceVal 5

Done.