USCAO-Section 1.3 Mixing Milk

原题：
The Merry Milk Makers company buys milk from farmers, packages it into attractive 1- and 2-Unit bottles, and then sells that milk to grocery stores so we can each start our day with delicious cereal and milk.

Since milk packaging is such a difficult business in which to make money, it is important to keep the costs as low as possible. Help Merry Milk Makers purchase the farmers’ milk in the cheapest possible manner. The MMM company has an extraordinarily talented marketing department and knows precisely how much milk they need each day to package for their customers.

The company has contracts with several farmers from whom they may purchase milk, and each farmer has a (potentially) different price at which they sell milk to the packing plant. Of course, a herd of cows can only produce so much milk each day, so the farmers already know how much milk they will have available.

Each day, Merry Milk Makers can purchase an integer number of units of milk from each farmer, a number that is always less than or equal to the farmer’s limit (and might be the entire production from that farmer, none of the production, or any integer in between).

Given:

The Merry Milk Makers' daily requirement of milk
The cost per unit for milk from each farmer
The amount of milk available from each farmer 

calculate the minimum amount of money that Merry Milk Makers must spend to meet their daily need for milk.

Note: The total milk produced per day by the farmers will always be sufficient to meet the demands of the Merry Milk Makers even if the prices are high.

水题就不写题解了，看注释，贪心算法

/*
ID:newyear111
PROG: milk
LANG: C++
*/

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
ifstream fin("milk.in");
ofstream fout("milk.out");
const int N=1100;
int a[N];//a[i]  代表价格为i的牛奶的可买数量有多少 
int main(){
    int n,m,p,num;
    fin>>n>>m;
    //输入并初始化a[N] 
    for(int i=0;i<m;i++){
        fin>>p>>num;
        a[p]+=num;
    }
    int i=0,ans=0;
    //从小到大遍历a数组，即从价格便宜的买起，一直到满足要求n 
    while(n>0){
        if(a[i]<=n){
            n-=a[i];
            ans+=a[i]*i;
            i++;
        }else{
            ans+=i*n;
            break;
        }
    }
    fout<<ans<<endl;
    return 0;
}