【C/C++】枚举enum的用法

如果不用enum，用define一般情况也可以实现，那为什么还要enum呢？

举一个简单的例子：比如有一个变量是代表星期几，在程序当中要根据这个变量进行某种操作，如果用define的话代码如下:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define Monday 1
#define Tuesday 2
#define Wednesday 3
#define Thursday 4
#define Friday 5
#define Saturday 6
#define Sunday 7

int main()
{
    int week=Wednesday;
    switch(week)
    {
        case Monday:cout<<"Today is Monday"<<endl;break;
        case Tuesday:cout<<"Today is Tuesday"<<endl;break;
        case Wednesday:cout<<"Today is Wednesday"<<endl;break;
        case Thursday:cout<<"Today is Thursday"<<endl;break;
        case Friday:cout<<"Today is Friday"<<endl;break;
        case Saturday:cout<<"Today is Saturday"<<endl;break;
        case Sunday:cout<<"Today is Sunday"<<endl;break;
        default:cout<<"WRONG!"<<endl;break;
    }

    return 0;
}

看上去好像也是可以解决问题的，但是在一个大工程中，这样的代码很不美观。而且week是int类型的变量，含义很不明确。对于星期几而言，一共就 7 个情况，那么问题不是很大，但是对于有一些变量，比如说颜色、类别、错误信息等，不确定个数，甚至会经常增加和删除，如果一直通过define来修改，很容易出错，时间长了之后也很难维护。

来看看用enum的效果

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

enum Weekday{Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday,Sunday};
int main()
{
    Weekday week=Wednesday;
    switch(week)
    {
        case Monday:cout<<"Today is Monday"<<endl;break;
        case Tuesday:cout<<"Today is Tuesday"<<endl;break;
        case Wednesday:cout<<"Today is Wednesday"<<endl;break;
        case Thursday:cout<<"Today is Thursday"<<endl;break;
        case Friday:cout<<"Today is Friday"<<endl;break;
        case Saturday:cout<<"Today is Saturday"<<endl;break;
        case Sunday:cout<<"Today is Sunday"<<endl;break;
        default:cout<<"WRONG!"<<endl;break;
    }

    return 0;
}

注意现在week是Weekday这个 枚举类型 ，就不需要用不同的数字来定义不同的宏来代表不同的类别。